Visitor crowding at World Heritage Sites based on tourist spatial-temporal distribution: a case study of the Master-of-Nets Garden, China

IF 3 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Heritage Tourism Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI:10.1080/1743873X.2023.2214680

Shaogang Ding, Ruiqiang Zhang, Yingying Liu, Pan Lu, Minnan Liu

{"title":"Visitor crowding at World Heritage Sites based on tourist spatial-temporal distribution: a case study of the Master-of-Nets Garden, China","authors":"Shaogang Ding, Ruiqiang Zhang, Yingying Liu, Pan Lu, Minnan Liu","doi":"10.1080/1743873X.2023.2214680","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Visitor crowding issues caused by over-tourism at World Heritage Sites (WHS) are increasingly prominent. However, related studies and management give less consideration to the uneven tourist spatial-temporal distribution within micro-attractions, ignoring the detrimental impacts of local crowding on WHS’ sustainable development. Aimed at exploring local crowding within heritage attractions from a perspective of time-space, this study used video-based computer vision technology to analyze tourist spatial-temporal distribution, density, and carrying capacity at stationary points (spatial locations where visitors stay and gather), taking a case study of the Master-of-Nets Garden, a World Cultural Heritage Site. The results indicated that although the total visitor number was below the attraction’s carrying capacity, visitors repeatedly and quickly crowded at stationary points and formed high-density clusters, exceeding stationary points’ space capacity and causing spatial local crowding. When visitors’ dwell time was 5, 12, and 20 seconds, the crowding index K of stationary points was 3.4∼108.5, 1.7∼42.9, and 0.5∼33, indicating the spatial local crowding effect was negatively correlated with the length of visitors’ dwell time at stationary points. Our contribution provides an accurate understanding of local crowding in WHS by highlighting the impact of tourist spatial-temporal distribution on carrying capacity and spatial crowding and suggests visitor management recommendations.","PeriodicalId":47192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Heritage Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Heritage Tourism","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2023.2214680","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT Visitor crowding issues caused by over-tourism at World Heritage Sites (WHS) are increasingly prominent. However, related studies and management give less consideration to the uneven tourist spatial-temporal distribution within micro-attractions, ignoring the detrimental impacts of local crowding on WHS’ sustainable development. Aimed at exploring local crowding within heritage attractions from a perspective of time-space, this study used video-based computer vision technology to analyze tourist spatial-temporal distribution, density, and carrying capacity at stationary points (spatial locations where visitors stay and gather), taking a case study of the Master-of-Nets Garden, a World Cultural Heritage Site. The results indicated that although the total visitor number was below the attraction’s carrying capacity, visitors repeatedly and quickly crowded at stationary points and formed high-density clusters, exceeding stationary points’ space capacity and causing spatial local crowding. When visitors’ dwell time was 5, 12, and 20 seconds, the crowding index K of stationary points was 3.4∼108.5, 1.7∼42.9, and 0.5∼33, indicating the spatial local crowding effect was negatively correlated with the length of visitors’ dwell time at stationary points. Our contribution provides an accurate understanding of local crowding in WHS by highlighting the impact of tourist spatial-temporal distribution on carrying capacity and spatial crowding and suggests visitor management recommendations.

查看原文本刊更多论文

基于游客时空分布的世界遗产地游客拥挤——以中国网坛大师园为例

世界遗产地过度旅游导致的游客拥挤问题日益突出。然而，相关研究和管理较少考虑微观景点内游客时空分布的不均衡，忽视了当地拥挤对WHS可持续发展的不利影响。本研究以世界文化遗产“网师花园”为例，运用基于视频的计算机视觉技术，从时空的角度探讨遗产景点内的局部拥挤现象，分析游客在固定点（游客停留和聚集的空间位置）的时空分布、密度和承载力。结果表明，尽管游客总数低于景点的承载能力，但游客在固定点反复快速拥挤，形成高密度集群，超过固定点的空间容量，造成空间局部拥挤。游客停留时间分别为5、12和20 秒，静止点的拥挤指数K分别为3.4～108.5、1.7～42.9和0.5～33，表明空间局部拥挤效应与游客在静止点停留的时间长度呈负相关。我们的贡献通过强调游客时空分布对承载能力和空间拥挤的影响，提供了对WHS局部拥挤的准确理解，并提出了游客管理建议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Heritage Tourism HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Heritage Tourism ( JHT ) is a peer-reviewed, international transdisciplinary journal. JHT focuses on exploring the many facets of one of the most notable and widespread types of tourism. Heritage tourism is among the very oldest forms of travel. Activities such as visits to sites of historical importance, including built environments and urban areas, rural and agricultural landscapes, natural regions, locations where historic events occurred and places where interesting and significant living cultures dominate are all forms of heritage tourism. As such, this form of tourism dominates the industry in many parts of the world and involves millions of people. During the past 20 years, the study of tourism has become highly fragmented and specialised into various theme areas, or concentrations. Within this context, heritage tourism is one of the most commonly investigated forms of tourism, and hundreds of scholars and industry workers are involved in researching its dynamics and concepts. This academic attention has resulted in the publication of hundreds of refereed articles in various scholarly media, yet, until now there has been no journal devoted specifically to heritage tourism; Journal of Heritage Tourism was launched to fill this gap. JHT seeks to critically examine all aspects of heritage tourism. Some of the topics to be explored within the context of heritage tourism will include colonial heritage, commodification, interpretation, urban renewal, religious tourism, genealogy, patriotism, nostalgia, folklore, power, funding, contested heritage, historic sites, identity, industrial heritage, marketing, conservation, ethnicity, education and indigenous heritage.