Petrogénesis y condiciones de cristalización del domo intracratérico del volcán Cerro Bravo, Colombia

Abstract

Cerro Bravo is a composite volcano located in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Throughout its 50 ka of evolution, this volcano has been characterised by having successive explosive to effusive phases. At present, the crater hosts a dome that represents the last eruptive phase of the last eruption. The dome has a typical mineralogy of andesite-dacite rocks with plagioclase, amphibole and pyroxene crystals. The amphibole composition allow us to constrain the melt crystallisation conditions at 1 to 3.5 kba, 800 to 950°C, -5.3 to -6.8 fO2, and 5.1 to 6.8 H2O wt.%, while the piroxene composition at 914 ±97°C y 18,5 ±9,2 Kba. Based on these results and the mineralogical configuration, it is possible to establish a crystallisation history as follows: Augite and enstatite were the first formed minerals (>20 – 30 km). After that, the magma ascended up to a magma chamber located between 4.6 and 13.2 km from the surface where the amphibole crystallisation started (pargasite at the base of the chamber and edenite and magnesiohornblende at the top). The drop in temperature and pressure also promoted the crystallisation of labradorite that transitionally changed to andesine. Plagioclase microlites in the groundmass are evidence of the last crystallisation phase close the surface, as a result of magmatic decompression. This study shows the crystalisation conditions that represent the last eruptive phase of the last eruption of the Cerro Bravo volcano.