Soil Nematodes as Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution: A Meta-Analysis

C. Chauvin, Manon Trambolho, M. Hedde, D. Makowski, H. Cérémonie, A. Jiménez, C. Villenave
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Nematodes have been used as bioindicators of soil quality for more than 20 years, and have been shown to have good potential for assessing the impact of heavy metal pollution on soil. They provide information about the biological condition of soil and can reveal dysfunctions linked to the presence of contaminants. In the case of contamination by multiple pollutants, bioindicators can reveal synergistic toxic effects (or “cocktail effects”) on organisms living in soil. These impacts are not revealed by the individual measurement of each pollutant. As the effects of heavy metals on nematode communities are not fully known, identifying reliable nematode-based parameters is not straightforward. Currently, knowledge gaps limit the operational use of these types of indices by soil managers. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis on the results of 37 studies from different countries to reveal general trends regarding the effect of multiple types of heavy metal pollution on soil nematode communities and indices. Based on the contamination level of each metal and using known toxicological threshold values, we defined four contamination classes to categorize soil polluted by heavy metals: normal concentration (c0), low contamination (c1), high contamination (c2), and very high (c3) contamination. The most sensitive nematode parameters, showing a strong relationship with the level of soil pollution, were the structure footprint, community footprint, abundance per trophic group (plant feeders, bacterial feeders and omnivores/predators) and taxonomic richness: all these parameters decreased with increased contamination. Our findings showed that fungal-feeding nematodes were relatively insensitive to metal contamination of soil and actually had a higher abundance in the very high contamination class (c3).
土壤线虫作为重金属污染指标的meta分析
线虫作为土壤质量的生物指标已有20多年的历史,在评价重金属污染对土壤的影响方面具有良好的潜力。它们提供了有关土壤生物状况的信息,并能揭示与污染物存在有关的功能失调。在多种污染物污染的情况下,生物指标可以揭示对土壤中生物的协同毒性效应(或“鸡尾酒效应”)。这些影响不能通过对每种污染物的单独测量来揭示。由于重金属对线虫群落的影响尚不完全清楚,确定可靠的基于线虫的参数并非易事。目前,知识差距限制了土壤管理者对这类指数的实际使用。在这项研究中,我们对来自不同国家的37项研究结果进行了荟萃分析,以揭示多种类型重金属污染对土壤线虫群落和指数影响的总体趋势。根据每种金属的污染水平和已知的毒理学阈值,我们定义了四个污染等级来对重金属污染的土壤进行分类:正常浓度(c0),低污染(c1),高污染(c2)和非常高(c3)污染。结构足迹、群落足迹、各营养类群(植食性、细菌性和杂食性)丰度和分类丰富度是与土壤污染程度密切相关的最敏感线虫参数,但这些参数均随污染程度的增加而降低。结果表明,以真菌为食的线虫对土壤的金属污染相对不敏感,在非常高污染类别中具有较高的丰度(c3)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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