Latest Development of Administration Routes for Anti-Diabetic Agents using Insulin Nanoparticles (NPs)

Abstract

For the latest development for anti-diabetic agents, nanoparticles (NPs) have been in focus. Permeation enhancers (PEs) are known to increase the oral absorption of various kinds of macromolecules. One of PEs would be sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC), which has been used for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) as oral semaglutide (Rybelsus). For insulin encapsulation, polyelectrolyte nanocomplex (PEC) have been the promising carriers. Furthermore, spray drying technique has been an adequate and well-known industrial method for developing pharmaceutical industries, and aqueous polymer dispersions (APDs) have been applied. Consequently, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) can be expected to improve future diabetic treatment.