{"title":"Data as an essential facility in European law: how to define the “target” market and divert the data pipeline?*","authors":"Édouard Bruc","doi":"10.1080/17441056.2019.1644576","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new economic test called the holistic inter-dynamic analysis is proposed to tackle both sides of the multisided market simultaneously. The dominance issue solved, the risk of 102 TFEU abuse regarding data was already highlighted in the 1996 Database Directive. On that matter, this article assesses each legal condition of a “refusal to supply” access. Apropos the indispensability condition, data’s ubiquitous nature may be dispelled by an analysis of the context in which it evolves or its link with AI or the IoT. Concerning its replicability prong, data’s feature, feedback loops, network effects, switching costs or economies of scale/scope are conducive to super-dominance. They altogether can create an insurmountable bottleneck. Regarding innovation, the author carefully analyses the “limitation of technical development” condition either on an economic or a legal standpoint. Finally, regarding privacy law, when granting access, a coherent approach appears feasible through a proportionality test.","PeriodicalId":52118,"journal":{"name":"European Competition Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441056.2019.1644576","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Competition Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441056.2019.1644576","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
ABSTRACT A new economic test called the holistic inter-dynamic analysis is proposed to tackle both sides of the multisided market simultaneously. The dominance issue solved, the risk of 102 TFEU abuse regarding data was already highlighted in the 1996 Database Directive. On that matter, this article assesses each legal condition of a “refusal to supply” access. Apropos the indispensability condition, data’s ubiquitous nature may be dispelled by an analysis of the context in which it evolves or its link with AI or the IoT. Concerning its replicability prong, data’s feature, feedback loops, network effects, switching costs or economies of scale/scope are conducive to super-dominance. They altogether can create an insurmountable bottleneck. Regarding innovation, the author carefully analyses the “limitation of technical development” condition either on an economic or a legal standpoint. Finally, regarding privacy law, when granting access, a coherent approach appears feasible through a proportionality test.
期刊介绍:
The European Competition Journal publishes outstanding scholarly articles relating to European competition law and economics. Its mission is to help foster learning and debate about how European competition law and policy can continue to develop in an economically rational way. Articles published in the Journal are subject to rigorous peer review by leading experts from around Europe. Topics include: -Vertical and Conglomerate Mergers -Enlargement of the Union - the ramifications for Competition Policy -Unilateral and Coordinated Effects in Merger Control -Modernisation of European Competition law -Cartels and Leniency.