Regimes of Convective Self-Aggregation in Convection-Permitting Beta-Plane Simulations

Abstract

The spontaneous self-aggregation (SA) of convection in idealized model experiments highlights the importance of interactions between tropical convection and the surrounding environment. The authors have shown that SA fundamentally changes with the background rotation in previous f-plane simulations, both in terms of the resulting forms of organized convection, and the relative roles of the physical feedbacks driving them. This study considers the dependence of SA on rotation in one large domain on the β-plane, introducing an additional layer of complexity. Simulations are performed with uniform thermal forcing and explicit convection. Focuses include statistical and structural analysis of the convective modes, process-oriented diagnostics of how they develop, and resulting mean states. Two regimes of SA emerge within the first 15 days, separated by a critical zone where f is analogous to 10-15° latitude. Organized convection at near-equatorial values of f primarily consists of convectively-coupled Kelvin waves. Wind speed-surface enthalpy flux feedbacks are the dominant process driving moisture variability early on, then clear-sky shortwave radiative feedbacks are strongest in wave maintenance. In contrast, at higher f, numerous tropical cyclones develop and co-exist, dominated by surface flux and longwave processes. Tropical cyclogenesis is most pronounced at intermediate f (analogous to 25-40°), but are longer-lived at higher f. The resulting modes of SA at low f differ between these β-plane simulations (convectively-coupled waves) and prior f-plane simulations (weak tropical cyclones or non-rotating clusters). Otherwise, these results provide further evidence for the changing roles of radiative, surface flux, and advective processes in influencing SA as f changes, as found in our previous study.