Clostridium Difficile Pathogenicity Mechanism Associated with Dysbiosis Caused by The Use of Antibacterials

Abstract

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive rod responsible for the majority of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infections in humans. Recently in the world literature an exponential increase in its incidence has been reported, involving new more virulent strains that affect new groups of patients that were previously unaffected, generating a series of changes in the clinical presentation of the disease and in the treatment, which influ- ences the prognosis of the disease in these patients. An early diagnosis is essential for therapeutic management and for the implementation of con-tainment measures. However, the speed with which new strains with greater pathogenicity are developed is higher than that with which new drugs are developed to combat them, all this as a result of the irrational use of antibiotics that alter the pathogenicity mechanism of this type of bacteria. In this article we review the pathophysiological aspects of C. difficile infection associated with dysbiosis caused by the use of antibacterials, with the aim of contributing to the preparation of general practitioners and specialists to provide timely and quality care to those who receive it. suffer from this disease and make a more rational use of antibiotics.