Two phenomena behind the terminology of face

IF 1.4 2区文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Politeness Research-Language Behaviour Culture Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI:10.1515/pr-2022-0044

René Lacroix

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Abstract

Abstract In politeness research and other areas, scholars use a range of metaphorical expressions involving the term face, as in “lose face”, “threaten face” and “save face”, drawing upon Goffman’s paper “On face-work” (Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Pantheon Books), often through Brown and Levinson’s influential theory of politeness (Brown, Penelope & Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). The present paper argues that the interactional processes referred to by such expressions are of at least two kinds, here labeled “Observed-Behavior (OB) face-processes” and “Expressed-Attitude (EA) face-processes”. X’s OB face loss occurs when others negatively evaluate X on the basis of her behavior; X’s EA face loss occurs when others convey to X that they do not have the same values as her (“positive face”) or act in a way that impedes her freedom (“negative face”). Ten differences between OB and EA face-processes are set out. These differences are not acknowledged in the literature, which, as shown in this paper, leads to much ambiguity and confusion.

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脸这个术语背后的两个现象

摘要在礼貌研究和其他领域，学者们借鉴Goffman的论文《论面子的工作》（Goffman，Erving.1967），使用了一系列涉及面子一词的隐喻表达，如“丢脸”、“威胁面子”和“挽回面子”。互动仪式：关于面对面行为的文章。纽约：万神殿出版社），经常通过布朗和莱文森颇具影响力的礼貌理论（Brown，Penelope&Stephen C.Levinson，1987。礼貌：语言使用中的一些共性。剑桥：剑桥大学出版社）。本文认为，这种表达所指的互动过程至少有两种，这里称为“观察行为（OB）面部过程”和“表达态度（EA）面部过程。当其他人根据X的行为对其进行负面评价时，X的OB面子就消失了；当其他人向X传达他们与她没有相同的价值观（“正面脸”）或行为阻碍了她的自由（“负面脸”）时，X的EA面子就消失了。阐述了OB和EA人脸处理之间的十个区别。这些差异在文献中没有得到承认，正如本文所示，这导致了许多歧义和混乱。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Politeness Research-Language Behaviour Culture Multiple-

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

30.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Politeness Research responds to the urgent need to provide an international forum for the discussion of all aspects of politeness as a complex linguistic and non-linguistic phenomenon. Politeness has interested researchers in fields of academic activity as diverse as business studies, foreign language teaching, developmental psychology, social psychology, sociolinguistics, linguistic pragmatics, social anthropology, cultural studies, sociology, communication studies, and gender studies. The journal provides an outlet through which researchers on politeness phenomena from these diverse fields of interest may publish their findings and where it will be possible to keep up to date with the wide range of research published in this expanding field.

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