Analysis of gaps in the correct diagnosis of leishmaniasis at primary care level; socio-demographic and environmental risk factors of leishmaniasis transmission in Anuradhapura

Abstract

Background The leishmaniasis is an emerging health problem in dry zone of Sri Lanka. The multiplicity of factors involved in the transmission of leishmaniasis constitutes a challenge to its control. Knowledge of such factors may contribute to identify the control strategies. Although Medical officers have been given training on leishmaniasis, still patients with leishmaniasis had been diagnosed incorrectly. Aim of the study was to analysis of the diagnosis pattern of leishmaniasis patients by the primary care medical officers and to identify potential socio demographic and environmental risk factors of leishmaniasis transmission. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study conducted among the leishmaniasis patients attending to the Dermatology clinic, Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura during November 2015 to November 2016 using interviewer administered questionnaire.  Results  The study sample was 300 leishmaniasis patients .Male to female ratio was 2:1.The commonest affected age group was 20 to 40 years .Lesser number (33%) had heard about leishmaniasis. Nearly one forth (23%) of patients had been diagnosed incorrectly at the primary health care level. Nearly 50%of patients got leishmaniasis due to occupation related activities. Most (75%) of patients had paddy fields, large number of Banana bushes, Manna bushes and large wild area near their residence. Nearly 50% of patients had water channel near their residence. All most all (96%) patients use bed nets. Conclusion Nearly one forth of patients missed diagnosis at the primary health care level. Paddy fields, Banana bushes, Manna bushes, large wild area and water channels close to residence may play role in leishmaniasis transmission.