Levallois technology in southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile): current knowledge and future perspectives

IF 1.1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
María Cecilia Pallo
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Situated on the extreme point of South America, southern Patagonia has yielded the southernmost evidence of Levallois lithic technology. There, enough evidence of the use of a method of core preparation for production of predefined flakes similarly structured to the known Levallois technology (LT) in the Old World is present. An overview of the currently available information (distribution, chronology, frequency, artifact classes, raw materials and techno-morphological attributes) on Levallois technology in southern continental Patagonia and on the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile) is presented here in order to discuss its place in the shared technological background of local hunter-gatherers during the Holocene. The analysis of the information shows that the LT occurs at very low frequency, mainly involving cores, knives and sidescrapers on local raw materials but encompassing a high diversity in terms of ecological contexts and human subsistence. These findings are an indicator that several populations were simultaneously familiar with this technology, possibly through long-distance movements of individuals or social networks to share ideas and information on how to make and use these artifacts. In this regard, the middle Holocene was an important period when the LT became a shared technological phenomenon on a macro-regional scale. However, the evidence on LT is still scarce in Patagonian contexts and emphasizes possible linkages with other reduction strategies, especially the Discoid flaking method, the search for maximize lithic raw material exploitation and even the need to produce versatile tools to deal with a diversity of tasks. It is still unclear therefore whether the LT reflects a truly method to get predetermined flakes with specific morphological features or it mainly attended to other circumstances due to the influence of environment, the spatial organization of human groups or the lithic reduction systems. This issue probably requires an exhaustive study of Levallois cores, specially their own particular sequential development of reduction, frequency and relationship with other knapping techniques recorded in the Patagonian lithic assemblages.
南巴塔哥尼亚(阿根廷和智利)的勒瓦卢瓦技术:目前的知识和未来的展望
巴塔哥尼亚南部位于南美洲的最南端,是Levallois石器技术的最南端证据。在那里,有足够的证据表明,使用芯材制备方法来生产类似于旧世界已知的Levallois技术(LT)结构的预定义薄片。本文概述了目前可获得的关于巴塔哥尼亚南部大陆和火地岛(阿根廷和智利)Levallois技术的信息(分布、年代、频率、人工制品类别、原材料和技术形态属性),以讨论其在当地狩猎采集者共有的技术背景中的地位在全新世。对信息的分析表明,LT发生的频率非常低,主要涉及当地原材料的核心、刀具和边角料,但在生态环境和人类生存方面具有高度多样性。这些发现表明,几个群体同时熟悉这项技术,可能是通过个人的远距离流动或社交网络来分享如何制作和使用这些人工制品的想法和信息。在这方面,全新世中期是LT在宏观区域范围内成为一种共同技术现象的重要时期。然而,关于LT的证据在巴塔哥尼亚的背景下仍然很少,并强调了与其他减少策略的可能联系,特别是Discoid剥落方法,寻求最大限度地利用石器原材料,甚至需要生产多功能工具来处理各种任务。因此,目前尚不清楚LT是否真正反映了获得具有特定形态特征的预定薄片的方法,或者它主要是由于环境、人类群体的空间组织或石器时代减少系统的影响而引起的其他情况。这个问题可能需要对Levallois岩芯进行详尽的研究,特别是它们自己的还原、频率以及与巴塔哥尼亚石器组合中记录的其他破碎技术的关系的特定顺序发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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自引率
10.00%
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6
审稿时长
8 weeks
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