Recent Updates on the Management of Human Papillomavirus-related Cancers

Abstract

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have been steadily decreasing in developed nations owing to the excellent screening programs executed. However, it still remains one of the most prevalent tumors in developing nations, contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality in females. The major causal factor in the genesis of cervical cancer is recognized to be human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The female population, particularly in poor countries, is highly susceptible to HPV infections and cervical cancer as a result of the increasing costs posed by widespread cervical screening and HPV vaccination methods. Understanding the roles of HPV oncoproteins (E6 and E7) and non-coding RNAs, along with their many cellular targets, can help us develop targeted drug therapy to manage cervical cancer. In the hunt for novel ways for effective disease control and prevention, new insights and methodologies in molecular biology keep evolving continuously. In the recent past, newer studies have revealed deeper knowledge of HPV-activated molecular signaling pathways as well as prospective targets for early diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of HPV-related malignancies. Also, there has been much new research conducted on genome-editing tools for HPV-induced cervical cancer treatment in conjunction with other treatment strategies, such as immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines.