Suicidal Ideation among Medical Students: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Background: Suicide is more common among people who follow a medical career. This occurs because undergraduation course subjects students to psychologically strained situations, which can reduce their mental health and predispose them to suicidal ideation. Objectives: To analyze the factors related to suicidal ideation among medical graduates, highlighting depression and personality traits. To check stigmas surrounding suicidal ideation. Methodology: An integrative review study was carried out using the Scopus database (Elsevier). We selected studies published between 2014 and 2019, using two descriptors: "medical students" and "suicidal ideation". Results and Findings: 139 scientific articles were selected, of which 10 met the eligibility criteria. Specific personality traits and depression predispose to suicide. Although the stigma of suicide and substance use is greater among men, female gender, poor financial status, and psychiatric disorders increase depression scores. Students close to graduation are more likely to cope with stress than others. Limitations: The articles included in this work were produced using different methodologies and different measurement instruments. The prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among students may be greater, given that stigma may favor the occurrence of response bias. Conclusion: Rates of suicidal ideation are very prevalent in medical students. To solve this problem, medical schools should take steps to prevent adverse situations.