China’s employment policy since 1949: retrospect, present, and future directions

IF 0.7 4区管理学 Q1 HISTORY

Labor History Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI:10.1080/0023656X.2022.2115026

Tingting Qian, Jiale Bian, Shejian Liu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT China’s employment policy has been continuously improved,and the employment situation has undergone tremendouschanges. Based on the economic system and typical employmentpolicy since the founding of China in 1949, this paper dividesthe employment system into five stages: the period ofplanned economic system featuring ‘unified contracting anddistribution’ (1949-1977), the period of dual-track system featuring‘three-in-one combination’ (1978-1991), the period of promoting the‘re-employment project’ (1992-2001), the period of implementingactive employment policy (2002-2011), and the period of promotinghigher quality and fuller employment (2012-present). In these fivestages, while China has made great achievements in employmentwork, the pressure still exists and the quality of employmentremains the focus of attention. Can the development of employmentpolicy improve China’s labor market? To study the effectivenessof employment policy in each stage, this paper uses two keyindicators of the unemployment rate and structural deviationdegree, then it reflects the economic effect in each stage andconcludes that the coordination degree between employment andindustrial structure is improving, but it still has a long way to go.Finally, the paper puts forward solutions to the remaining problemsand points out the direction for future employment work.

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1949年以来中国的就业政策：回顾、现在和未来

中国的就业政策不断完善，就业形势发生了巨大变化。本文根据建国以来的经济体制和典型的就业政策，将就业制度划分为五个阶段:1949年至1977年，实行“统一承包和分配”的计划经济体制时期;1978年至1991年，实行“三位一体”的双轨制时期;1992年至2001年，推进“再就业工程”时期;2002年至2011年，实施积极就业政策时期;2012年至今，促进更高质量和更充分就业时期。在这5年里，中国就业工作取得巨大成就的同时，就业压力依然存在，就业质量仍然是关注的焦点。就业政策的发展能否改善中国的劳动力市场?为了研究各阶段就业政策的有效性，本文采用失业率和结构偏差度两个关键指标，反映各阶段的经济效果，得出就业与产业结构的协调程度在提高，但仍有很长的路要走的结论。最后，针对存在的问题提出了解决方案，并为今后的就业工作指明了方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Labor History Multiple-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

28.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Labor History is the pre-eminent journal for historical scholarship on labor. It is thoroughly ecumenical in its approach and showcases the work of labor historians, industrial relations scholars, labor economists, political scientists, sociologists, social movement theorists, business scholars and all others who write about labor issues. Labor History is also committed to geographical and chronological breadth. It publishes work on labor in the US and all other areas of the world. It is concerned with questions of labor in every time period, from the eighteenth century to contemporary events. Labor History provides a forum for all labor scholars, thus helping to bind together a large but fragmented area of study. By embracing all disciplines, time frames and locales, Labor History is the flagship journal of the entire field. All research articles published in the journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and refereeing by at least two anonymous referees.