Residualidad de fitosanitarios en tomate y uchuva cultivados en Quindío (Colombia)

Abstract

In this study, the residuality of organophosphorus (op) and organochlorinated (oc) pesticides in fruits of two Solanaceae species which are commonly consumed in the daily diet by the population of Quindio, Colombia: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) from regional crops, and cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) obtained from supermarkets. In order to evaluate the quality in which the fruit is commercialized, physicochemical parameters as pH and soluble solids concentration (°Bx) were measured. The skin and pulp pesticides analysis in both fruits was performed using gas chromatography with microelectron capture detection (GC-μ-ECD), and employing solid-phase extraction techniques as sample pretreatment. The result of the chromatographic analysis showed the presence of 10 different op and oc pesticides both in the skin as well as in the pulp of both fruits, some of them in higher concentrations than 0.13 ppm for tomatoes and 0.39 ppm for gooseberries. The results found in this study suggest the high residuality of these substances, revealing the disproportionate use of these pesticides in the cultivation of consumer crops as tomatoes and gooseberries. In this sense, this work suggests that the agricultural practices are poorly implemented revealing the lack of a more rigorous control over the use of these agrochemicals.