A highly efficient and green method for catalyzing the Hantzsch reaction under solvent-free conditions using a seashell/Kaolin calcined system

IF 1.7 4区化学 Q3 Chemistry

Journal of Chemical Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI:10.1007/s12039-023-02190-1

Mohamed-Zakaria Stiti, Tahir Habila, Ammar Khaled, Mourad Bouhedja, Jean-Jacques Pireaux, Smail Khelili

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A green method for synthesizing 1,4-dihydropyridines (1a-j) by a one-pot reaction of various aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium carbonate, catalyzed by a seashell and kaolin powders, mixed and calcined at 500 and 800 °C, under solvent-free conditions, has been developed. The catalyst was characterized by physicochemical techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The mixture composed of 20% seashell and 80% Kaolin (Q3-500), calcined at 500 °C, gave the best results (78 to 96% yields). Q3-500 separation from the reacting medium was carried out by filtration and reused several times with a slight decrease in yields. Compared with other conventional methods, the present method is inexpensive and offers advantages, namely: the catalyst is eco-friendly, recyclable, and gives high yields with shorter reaction time.

Graphical Abstract

A seashell/Kaolin calcined system (20/80) at 500°C was elaborated to catalyze the Hantzsch reaction under solvent-free conditions. Using Q3-500 six times gave dihydropyridines with excellent yields with a slight loss of activity. The improvement of the catalytic properties of the kaolin surface is due to the increase of cationic content.

Abstract Image

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在无溶剂条件下利用贝壳/高岭土煅烧体系催化Hantzsch反应的高效绿色方法

在无溶剂条件下，以贝壳粉和高岭土粉为催化剂，在500℃和800℃下混合煅烧，以各种醛、乙酸乙酯和碳酸铵为催化剂，一锅反应合成1,4-二氢吡啶(1a-j)。采用x射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM)和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)等理化手段对催化剂进行了表征。由20%的贝壳和80%的高岭土(Q3-500)组成的混合物，在500°C下煅烧，得到了最好的结果(78 - 96%的收率)。Q3-500通过过滤从反应介质中分离，并重复使用几次，产率略有下降。与其他传统方法相比，本方法具有成本低廉、催化剂环保、可回收、产率高、反应时间短等优点。研究了贝壳/高岭土煅烧体系(20/80)在500℃无溶剂条件下催化Hantzsch反应。用Q3-500六次得到的二氢吡啶产率高，活性损失小。高岭土表面催化性能的改善是由于阳离子含量的增加。

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来源期刊

Journal of Chemical Sciences Chemistry-General Chemistry

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

107

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Chemical Sciences is a monthly journal published by the Indian Academy of Sciences. It formed part of the original Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Part A, started by the Nobel Laureate Prof C V Raman in 1934, that was split in 1978 into three separate journals. It was renamed as Journal of Chemical Sciences in 2004. The journal publishes original research articles and rapid communications, covering all areas of chemical sciences. A significant feature of the journal is its special issues, brought out from time to time, devoted to conference symposia/proceedings in frontier areas of the subject, held not only in India but also in other countries.