Are asymmetric inheritance systems an evolutionary trap? Transitions in the mechanism of paternal genome loss in the scale insect family Eriococcidae

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI:10.1101/2022.06.23.497384

C. N. Hodson, A. Toon, L. Cook, L. Ross

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Haplodiploidy and paternal genome elimination (PGE) are examples of asymmetric inheritance, where males transmit only maternally inherited chromosomes to their offspring. Under haplodiploidy this results from males being haploid, whereas under PGE males inherit but subsequently eliminate paternally inherited chromosomes during meiosis. Their evolution involves changes in the mechanisms of meiosis and sex determination, and sometimes also dosage compensation. As a result, these systems are thought to be an evolutionary trap, meaning that once asymmetric chromosome transmission evolves, it is difficult to transition back to typical Mendelian transmission. We assess whether there is evidence for this idea in the scale insect family Eriococcidae, a lineage with PGE and the only clade with a suggestion that asymmetric inheritance has transitioned back to Mendelian inheritance. We conduct a cytological survey of 13 eriococcid species, and a cytological, genetic, and gene expression analysis of species in the genus Cystococcus, to investigate whether there is evidence for species in this clade evolving Mendelian chromosome transmission. Although we find that all species we examined exhibit PGE, the mechanism is extremely variable within Eriococcidae. Within Cystococcus, in fact, we uncover a previously undiscovered type of PGE in scale insects, where in males paternally inherited chromosomes are present, uncondensed, and expressed in somatic cells, but are eliminated prior to meiosis. Broadly, we fail to find evidence for a reversion from PGE to Mendelian inheritance in Eriococcidae, supporting the idea that asymmetric inheritance systems such as PGE may be an evolutionary trap.

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不对称遗传系统是进化陷阱吗?蚧虫科父系基因组丢失机制的转变

单倍体和父系基因组消除(PGE)是不对称遗传的例子，雄性只将母系遗传的染色体传给后代。在单倍体下，这是由于雄性是单倍体，而在PGE下，雄性遗传，但随后在减数分裂期间消除父系遗传的染色体。它们的进化涉及减数分裂和性别决定机制的变化，有时也涉及剂量补偿。因此，这些系统被认为是一个进化陷阱，这意味着一旦不对称染色体传播进化，就很难过渡回典型的孟德尔传播。我们评估了是否有证据表明这一观点在鳞片昆虫家族中存在，鳞片昆虫家族是一个具有PGE的谱系，也是唯一一个表明不对称遗传已经转变回孟德尔遗传的分支。我们对13种绒球球菌进行了细胞学调查，并对囊球菌属的种进行了细胞学、遗传学和基因表达分析，以探讨是否有证据表明该支系的物种进化为孟德尔染色体传播。虽然我们发现我们检查的所有物种都表现出PGE，但在毛球虫科中，这种机制是非常不同的。事实上，在囊球菌中，我们在蚧虫中发现了一种以前未被发现的PGE类型，在雄性中，父系遗传的染色体存在，未凝聚，并在体细胞中表达，但在减数分裂之前被消除。总的来说，我们没有找到证据表明钩球虫科的PGE遗传向孟德尔遗传的逆转，这支持了不对称遗传系统(如PGE)可能是一个进化陷阱的观点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Genetics 生物-遗传学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

6.10%

发文量

177

期刊介绍： GENETICS is published by the Genetics Society of America, a scholarly society that seeks to deepen our understanding of the living world by advancing our understanding of genetics. Since 1916, GENETICS has published high-quality, original research presenting novel findings bearing on genetics and genomics. The journal publishes empirical studies of organisms ranging from microbes to humans, as well as theoretical work. While it has an illustrious history, GENETICS has changed along with the communities it serves: it is not your mentor''s journal. The editors make decisions quickly – in around 30 days – without sacrificing the excellence and scholarship for which the journal has long been known. GENETICS is a peer reviewed, peer-edited journal, with an international reach and increasing visibility and impact. All editorial decisions are made through collaboration of at least two editors who are practicing scientists. GENETICS is constantly innovating: expanded types of content include Reviews, Commentary (current issues of interest to geneticists), Perspectives (historical), Primers (to introduce primary literature into the classroom), Toolbox Reviews, plus YeastBook, FlyBook, and WormBook (coming spring 2016). For particularly time-sensitive results, we publish Communications. As part of our mission to serve our communities, we''ve published thematic collections, including Genomic Selection, Multiparental Populations, Mouse Collaborative Cross, and the Genetics of Sex.