Proportionality Test in the 1945 Constitution: Limiting Hizbut Tahrir Freedom of Assembly

Q4 Social Sciences
G. A. Taufik
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

In May 2017, Jokowi’s administration announced the intention to dissolve Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). HTI is an Islamic organization that aspires to establish caliphate government based on the claim of Islamic teaching. The Government considers HTI as a threat to Pancasila. The announcement has created controversy. It has divided Indonesian into pro and contra camp. The dissolution pro camp argues HTI ideology is against Pancasila, Indonesia political ideology. Furthermore, they pointed out HTI’s idea of Caliphate that based on religion would disintegrate the nation. Conversely, the cons argues the government move is against the constitutionally guarantee freedom of association as stipulates in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (hereafter the 1945 Constitution). The move would create precedent that threatens freedom of assembly if the government failed to enact due process procedure and provide justifiable reason for the action. This controversy is not new to human rights and democratic discourse. Karl Popper describes the debate as a paradox of tolerance, democracy, and freedom in an open society. This paper examines how the 1945 Constitution can be utilized to resolve the paradox. This paper argues that Article 28 J par.2 of the 1945 Constitution requires the balance between human rights protection and limitation in its proportion. Thus, the limitation clause should be used as a parameter to solve HTI issue. This paper explores the use of proportionality test in interpreting the limitation clause and applies it not only to the question of HTI issue but also broader issues to evaluate recent government moves in amending the Law Number 17 Year 2013 on Societal Organisation. This paper employs a doctrinal method in its analysis.
1945年宪法中的比例检验:限制伊斯兰解放党的集会自由
2017年5月,佐科威政府宣布打算解散印尼解放党(HTI)。HTI是一个伊斯兰组织,希望建立一个以伊斯兰教义为基础的哈里发政府。政府认为HTI是对潘卡西拉的威胁。这一声明引发了争议。它将印尼分成了支持和反对两大阵营。解散阵营认为,HTI的意识形态与印尼的潘卡西拉政治意识形态是对立的。此外,他们还指出,HTI以宗教为基础的哈里发国思想将使国家解体。相反,反对者认为,政府此举违反了1945年印度尼西亚共和国宪法(以下简称1945年宪法)中对结社自由的宪法保障。如果政府未能制定正当程序并提供正当理由,此举将开创威胁集会自由的先例。这种争议对人权和民主话语来说并不新鲜。卡尔·波普尔(Karl Popper)将这场辩论描述为开放社会中宽容、民主和自由的悖论。本文探讨了如何利用1945年宪法来解决这一悖论。本文认为,1945年《宪法》第28条第2款要求在人权保护与限制的比例上取得平衡。因此,限制条款应该作为一个参数来解决HTI问题。本文探讨了比例检验在解释限制条款中的使用,并将其不仅应用于HTI问题,还应用于更广泛的问题,以评估最近政府在修改2013年第17号法律方面的举措。本文采用理论方法进行分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Constitutional Review
Constitutional Review Social Sciences-Law
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
审稿时长
12 weeks
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