Finite element simulation and frequency optimization for wireless signal transmission through RC structures

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Smart Structures and Systems Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI:10.12989/SSS.2021.28.3.319

Jingkang Shi, Feiyang Wang, Dongming Zhang, Hong-wei Huang

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The enclosed civil structures pose a challenging environment for wireless communication between sensor nodes. Wireless electromagnetic (EM) signal attenuates significantly when transmitting through reinforced concrete structures. This paper simulates the signal attenuation for plain concrete, pure steel rebar lattice and reinforced concrete using finite element method (FEM) in Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Jonscher model is found to be a better concrete dielectric model than Debye model from the attenuation test results. FEM simulation for signal attenuation of reinforced concrete (RC) slab is validated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation and test results from literature. Optimal frequency to minimize the signal attenuation through RC structure is in the range of 0.35 GHz ~ 0.5 GHz. Resonance occurs at t / (λc/4) = 2n and t / (λc/4) = 2n + 1, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... for low concrete volumetric water content (VWC). Signal attenuation is highly linear with slab thickness t for high concrete VWC. 433 MHz is suggested for real application of wireless sensor network considering the antenna size and optimization results. FEM simulation is validated by the experiment using intact wireless sensor nodes.

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钢筋混凝土结构无线信号传输的有限元仿真及频率优化

封闭的土木结构对传感器节点之间的无线通信构成了挑战。无线电磁信号在穿过钢筋混凝土结构时衰减明显。本文采用有限元法在Ansoft高频结构模拟器(HFSS)中模拟素混凝土、纯钢筋格构和钢筋混凝土的信号衰减。从衰减试验结果来看，Jonscher模型是比Debye模型更好的混凝土介电模型。通过时域有限差分(FDTD)模拟和文献试验结果验证了钢筋混凝土板信号衰减的有限元模拟。通过RC结构使信号衰减最小的最佳频率范围为0.35 GHz ~ 0.5 GHz。共振发生在t / (λc/4) = 2n和t / (λc/4) = 2n + 1, n = 1,2,3,4，…低混凝土体积含水量(VWC)。对于高混凝土VWC，信号衰减与板厚t呈高度线性关系。考虑到天线的尺寸和优化结果，建议将433 MHz作为无线传感器网络的实际应用频段。通过完整无线传感器节点的实验验证了有限元仿真的正确性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Smart Structures and Systems 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

8.60%

发文量

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： An International Journal of Mechatronics, Sensors, Monitoring, Control, Diagnosis, and Management airns at providing a major publication channel for researchers in the general area of smart structures and systems. Typical subjects considered by the journal include: Sensors/Actuators(Materials/devices/ informatics/networking) Structural Health Monitoring and Control Diagnosis/Prognosis Life Cycle Engineering(planning/design/ maintenance/renewal) and related areas.