Effects of reinforcement grain size and concentration on the physicomechanical properties of green automotive brakepads from waste cowhorns and rockshells

Q3 Engineering
C. Ossia, Caleb Oguzie, Joshua Evuetapha
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study presents the development and characterization of green automotive brakepads using cowhorn (CH) and Rockshell (Thias Coronata L.) (R) as reinforcement material in full factorial experiments. The brakepads were produced by compression moulding at 220.73N using epoxy resin binder, CaCO3 fillers, Diethylenetriamine hardener, colourless methyl-ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) catalyst, carbon black friction modifier, with copper and iron fillings as thermal conductivity additives. Three levels of particle grain sizes 125, 250, 500µm were produced from each material. Hybrid CHR samples were also produced with same grain sizes. The density, hardness, and compressive strength properties were observed to reduce with increase in grain size while liquid absorption increased with increase in grain size. Impregnating the reinforcement materials with increasing concentration of R-particles improved the hardness, compressive strength and liquid absorption but decreased the friction coefficient. The R-samples performed best among all in liquid absorption, except for oil absorption where the commercial (control) sample surpassed it. EDX spectroscopy results showed presence of antimony and vanadium toxic heavy metals in the control sample unlike the developed brakepads. All properties measured exhibited multivariate quadratic regression models with good fitness of R2-values, 0.8438 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.9976, and significance-F values, 0.000398 ≤ significance F. ≤ 0.18101. All response surfaces showed best performance with R-concentration of 80 – 100% and 125 – 250µm grain size ranges. Hence, reinforcements of cowhorn and rockshell particles with concentration and grain sizes above can be used to develop brakepads with properties superior to the toxic control brakepads.
强化颗粒尺寸和浓度对废牛角、岩壳绿色汽车刹车片物理力学性能的影响
本研究在全因子实验中介绍了使用牛角(CH)和岩壳(Thias Coronata L.) (R)作为增强材料的绿色汽车刹车片的发展和特性。采用环氧树脂粘结剂、CaCO3填充剂、二乙烯三胺硬化剂、无色过氧化甲乙酮(MEKP)催化剂、炭黑摩擦改性剂,以铜和铁填充为导热助剂,在220.73N的温度下采用压缩成型法制备刹车片。每种材料的颗粒粒度分别为125、250、500µm。同时制备了具有相同晶粒尺寸的杂交CHR样品。密度、硬度和抗压强度随晶粒尺寸的增大而减小,而吸液量随晶粒尺寸的增大而增大。随着r -颗粒浓度的增加,增强材料的硬度、抗压强度和吸液率均有所提高,但摩擦系数有所降低。在所有样品中,r样品在液体吸收方面表现最好,但在吸油方面,商业(对照)样品超过了r样品。EDX光谱分析结果显示,与开发的刹车片不同,对照样品中存在锑和钒有毒重金属。所有测量的属性均具有多元二次回归模型,R2值适应度良好,0.8438≤R2≤0.9976,显著性f值,0.000398≤显著性f≤0.18101。在r浓度为80 ~ 100%和125 ~ 250µm时,各响应面表现最佳。因此,浓度和粒径均在以上的牛角和岩壳颗粒增强剂可用于开发性能优于毒性控制刹车片的刹车片。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Materials Science-Surfaces, Coatings and Films
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4
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