A new fossil family of aculeate wasp sheds light on early evolution of Apoidea (Hymenoptera)

IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Brunno B. Rosa, Gabriel A. R. Melo
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Abstract

In the present work, we describe a new fossil family of Apoidea supported by phylogenetic analyses involving both fossil and extant groups. †Burmasphecidae fam.n. is based on †Burmasphex Melo & Rosa, a genus described from Burmese amber. We include in this family the monotypic genus †Decasphex Zheng, Zhang & Rasnitsyn also from Burmese amber. Additionally, we describe two new genera and four new species in †Burmasphecidae fam.n.: †Burmasphex mirabilis sp.n.; †Simplisphex gen.n., containing S. scutellatus sp.n. and †S. burmensis sp.n.; and †Callisphex robustus gen. et sp.n. In our phylogenetic study, we extended a pre-existing matrix of morphological data and analysed it under parsimony and Bayesian inference. In the Bayesian inference analyses, the morphological dataset was partitioned under a homoplasy criterion. We postulate the first phylogenetic hypotheses for the placement of †Angarosphecidae based on the type species, †Angarosphex myrmicopterus Rasnitsyn, plus a new Burmese amber taxon, †A. alethes sp.n. We demonstrate that †Burmasphecidae fam.n. clearly belongs to Apoidea and has a sister relationship with the other representatives of the superfamily. Our results indicate that †Burmasphecidae fam.n. and †Angarosphecidae are distinct lineages, with the second clearly more derived than the first. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of these fossil lineages with extant groups of both Apoidea and other Aculeata, and present morphological evidence for the first time supporting the Formicidae + Apoidea clade. Finally, we indicate some considerations about the paleoenvironment and the nature of the Burmese amber biota, suggesting an alternative hypothesis to the island endemism described in previous works.

Abstract Image

一个新化石科揭示了蜂总科(膜翅目)的早期进化
在目前的工作中,我们描述了一个新的化石家族,由化石和现存群体的系统发育分析支持。†Burmasphecidae fam.n。是基于†burmashex Melo & Rosa,一个从缅甸琥珀中描述的属。我们在这个科中包括†Decasphex Zheng, Zhang和Rasnitsyn,它们也来自缅甸琥珀。†Burmasphecidae科2新属4新种:†burmasphhex mirabilis sp.n.;†Simplisphex gen.n。,含scutellatus sp.n。和__。burmensis sp.n。和†大石斛(callispheus) gen. et sp.;在我们的系统发育研究中,我们扩展了一个预先存在的形态学数据矩阵,并在简约性和贝叶斯推理下对其进行了分析。在贝叶斯推理分析中,形态学数据集根据同质性标准进行分割。在模式种†Angarosphex myrmicopterus Rasnitsyn的基础上,我们提出了†angarospheidae的第一个系统发育假说,以及一个新的缅甸琥珀分类单元†a。alethes sp.n。我们证明了†Burmasphecidae fam.n。显然属于Apoidea,并且与超家族的其他代表有姐妹关系。结果表明:†Burmasphecidae fam.n;和†Angarosphecidae是不同的分支,后者明显比前者衍生更多。我们讨论了这些化石谱系与现存的足总科和其他足总科的系统发育关系,并首次提出了支持足总科+足总科进化枝的形态学证据。最后,作者对缅甸琥珀的古环境和生物群的性质提出了一些考虑,并提出了一种替代假说,以取代先前研究中所描述的岛屿特有假说。
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来源期刊
Systematic Entomology
Systematic Entomology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
49
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Systematic Entomology publishes original papers on insect systematics, phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy, with a preference for general interest papers of broad biological, evolutionary or zoogeographical relevance.
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