{"title":"A new fossil family of aculeate wasp sheds light on early evolution of Apoidea (Hymenoptera)","authors":"Brunno B. Rosa, Gabriel A. R. Melo","doi":"10.1111/syen.12584","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, we describe a new fossil family of Apoidea supported by phylogenetic analyses involving both fossil and extant groups. †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b> is based on †<i>Burmasphex</i> Melo & Rosa, a genus described from Burmese amber. We include in this family the monotypic genus †<i>Decasphex</i> Zheng, Zhang & Rasnitsyn also from Burmese amber. Additionally, we describe two new genera and four new species in †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b>: †<i>Burmasphex mirabilis</i> <b>sp.n.</b>; †<i>Simplisphex</i> <b>gen.n.</b>, containing <i>S. scutellatus</i> <b>sp.n.</b> and †<i>S</i>. <i>burmensis</i> <b>sp.n.</b>; and †<i>Callisphex robustus</i> <b>gen. et sp.n.</b> In our phylogenetic study, we extended a pre-existing matrix of morphological data and analysed it under parsimony and Bayesian inference. In the Bayesian inference analyses, the morphological dataset was partitioned under a homoplasy criterion. We postulate the first phylogenetic hypotheses for the placement of †Angarosphecidae based on the type species, †<i>Angarosphex myrmicopterus</i> Rasnitsyn, plus a new Burmese amber taxon, †<i>A</i>. <i>alethes</i> <b>sp.n.</b> We demonstrate that †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b> clearly belongs to Apoidea and has a sister relationship with the other representatives of the superfamily. Our results indicate that †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b> and †Angarosphecidae are distinct lineages, with the second clearly more derived than the first. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of these fossil lineages with extant groups of both Apoidea and other Aculeata, and present morphological evidence for the first time supporting the Formicidae + Apoidea clade. Finally, we indicate some considerations about the paleoenvironment and the nature of the Burmese amber biota, suggesting an alternative hypothesis to the island endemism described in previous works.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":"48 3","pages":"402-421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Systematic Entomology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12584","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the present work, we describe a new fossil family of Apoidea supported by phylogenetic analyses involving both fossil and extant groups. †Burmasphecidae fam.n. is based on †Burmasphex Melo & Rosa, a genus described from Burmese amber. We include in this family the monotypic genus †Decasphex Zheng, Zhang & Rasnitsyn also from Burmese amber. Additionally, we describe two new genera and four new species in †Burmasphecidae fam.n.: †Burmasphex mirabilissp.n.; †Simplisphexgen.n., containing S. scutellatussp.n. and †S. burmensissp.n.; and †Callisphex robustusgen. et sp.n. In our phylogenetic study, we extended a pre-existing matrix of morphological data and analysed it under parsimony and Bayesian inference. In the Bayesian inference analyses, the morphological dataset was partitioned under a homoplasy criterion. We postulate the first phylogenetic hypotheses for the placement of †Angarosphecidae based on the type species, †Angarosphex myrmicopterus Rasnitsyn, plus a new Burmese amber taxon, †A. alethessp.n. We demonstrate that †Burmasphecidae fam.n. clearly belongs to Apoidea and has a sister relationship with the other representatives of the superfamily. Our results indicate that †Burmasphecidae fam.n. and †Angarosphecidae are distinct lineages, with the second clearly more derived than the first. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of these fossil lineages with extant groups of both Apoidea and other Aculeata, and present morphological evidence for the first time supporting the Formicidae + Apoidea clade. Finally, we indicate some considerations about the paleoenvironment and the nature of the Burmese amber biota, suggesting an alternative hypothesis to the island endemism described in previous works.
期刊介绍:
Systematic Entomology publishes original papers on insect systematics, phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy, with a preference for general interest papers of broad biological, evolutionary or zoogeographical relevance.