Differential health outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among minority populations: An analysis based on Chicago's neighborhoods.

Public health challenges Pub Date : 2023-07-21 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1002/puh2.111
Simon Geletta, Kenneth Soyemi
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Abstract

Background: The study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on different ethnic and racial groups. It aims to investigate the existence or nonexistence of significant variations in COVID-19 health outcomes among two ethnic and racial minorities that resided in Chicago neighborhoods during the onslaught of the pandemic. Researchers have traditionally studied health disparities by comparing the health of minorities representing "underserved" populations and those with adequate healthcare. This study focuses on the heterogeneity of health outcomes between different minority populations, mainly Black and Hispanic, traditionally considered underserved populations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study uses secondary data from a public reporting site. The unit of analysis is neighborhood units based on US postal zip codes that are cross-referenced with the US Census Bureau's zip code tabulation area codes. We used Chicago neighborhood data and applied geographic analyses to describe the patterns of similarities and differences in the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among neighborhoods with different ethnic and racial minorities residing in them. Using the one-way analysis of variance technique, we also tested research hypotheses about the COVID-19 outcome differences and/or similarities among the neighborhoods.

Results: Our findings show that although Hispanic neighborhoods disproportionately carried a higher burden of infection by the disease, the mortality due to the illness or the case fatality rate was not much higher than in the other neighborhoods. In contrast, African American neighborhoods did experience significantly higher case fatality rates-although their infection rate was not statistically significantly higher than the average infection rates of the other Chicago neighborhoods.

Conclusions: Minority status creates distinct adverse effects on different minority groups. The patterns of distinct outcomes need to be well understood through further studied and considered by policymakers when health policies are designed to address the impact of health disparities.

新冠肺炎疫情在少数族裔人群中的健康结果差异:基于芝加哥社区的分析
背景:本研究考察了COVID-19大流行对不同民族和种族群体的影响。该研究旨在调查在大流行袭击期间居住在芝加哥社区的两个少数民族和种族之间是否存在COVID-19健康结果的显着差异。传统上,研究人员通过比较代表“服务不足”人群的少数民族和拥有充分医疗保健的人群的健康状况来研究健康差异。本研究的重点是不同少数民族人群之间健康结果的异质性,主要是黑人和西班牙裔,传统上被认为是服务不足的人群。方法:本横断面研究使用来自公共报告站点的二手数据。分析单位是基于美国邮政邮政编码的社区单位,这些邮政编码与美国人口普查局的邮政编码制表区号相互参照。我们使用芝加哥社区数据并应用地理分析来描述不同民族和少数民族居住的社区在COVID-19大流行结果中的异同模式。利用单向方差分析技术,我们还检验了关于社区之间COVID-19结果差异和/或相似性的研究假设。结果:我们的研究结果表明,尽管西班牙裔社区不成比例地承担着更高的疾病感染负担,但由于疾病导致的死亡率或病死率并不比其他社区高多少。相比之下,非裔美国人社区确实经历了明显更高的病死率,尽管他们的感染率在统计上并不明显高于芝加哥其他社区的平均感染率。结论:少数民族身份对不同的少数民族群体产生了不同的不良影响。决策者在制定旨在解决健康差异影响的卫生政策时,需要通过进一步研究和考虑,充分了解不同结果的模式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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