Using Environmental Sampling to Enable Zoonotic Pandemic Preparedness

IF 1.8 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Avirup Sanyal, Sanskriti Agarwal, Uma Ramakrishnan, Kritika M. Garg, Balaji Chattopadhyay
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The current pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2, tracing back its origin possibly to a coronavirus associated with bats, has ignited renewed interest in understanding zoonotic spillovers across the globe. While research is more directed towards solving the problem at hand by finding therapeutic strategies and novel vaccine techniques, it is important to address the environmental drivers of pathogen spillover and the complex biotic and abiotic drivers of zoonoses. The availability of cutting-edge genomic technologies has contributed enormously to preempt viral emergence from wildlife. However, there is still a dearth of studies from species-rich South Asian countries, especially from India. In this review, we outline the importance of studying disease dynamics through environmental sampling from wildlife in India and how ecological parameters of both the virus and the host community may play a role in mediating cross-species spillovers. Non-invasive sampling using feces, urine, shed hair, saliva, shed skin, and feathers has been instrumental in providing genetic information for both the host and their associated pathogens. Here, we discuss the advances made in environmental sampling protocols and strategies to generate genetic data from such samples towards the surveillance and characterization of potentially zoonotic pathogens. We primarily focus on bat-borne or small mammal-borne zoonoses and propose a conceptual framework for non-invasive strategies to tackle the threat of emerging zoonotic infections.

利用环境采样实现人畜共患流行病防范
目前由SARS CoV-2引起的大流行,其起源可能追溯到与蝙蝠有关的冠状病毒,重新激起了人们对了解全球人畜共患溢出效应的兴趣。虽然研究更侧重于通过寻找治疗策略和新型疫苗技术来解决当前的问题,但重要的是要解决病原体溢出的环境驱动因素以及人畜共患病的复杂生物和非生物驱动因素。尖端基因组技术的可用性对预防野生动物病毒的出现作出了巨大贡献。然而,来自物种丰富的南亚国家,特别是印度的研究仍然缺乏。在这篇综述中,我们概述了通过对印度野生动物进行环境采样来研究疾病动态的重要性,以及病毒和宿主群落的生态参数如何在介导跨物种溢出中发挥作用。使用粪便、尿液、脱落的毛发、唾液、脱落的皮肤和羽毛进行非侵入性采样,有助于提供宿主及其相关病原体的遗传信息。在这里,我们讨论了在环境采样方案和策略方面取得的进展,从这些样本中产生遗传数据,以监测和表征潜在的人畜共患病原体。我们主要关注蝙蝠传播或小型哺乳动物传播的人畜共患病,并提出了一个非侵入性策略的概念框架,以应对新出现的人畜共患病感染的威胁。
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来源期刊
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
75
期刊介绍: Started in 1914 as the second scientific journal to be published from India, the Journal of the Indian Institute of Science became a multidisciplinary reviews journal covering all disciplines of science, engineering and technology in 2007. Since then each issue is devoted to a specific topic of contemporary research interest and guest-edited by eminent researchers. Authors selected by the Guest Editor(s) and/or the Editorial Board are invited to submit their review articles; each issue is expected to serve as a state-of-the-art review of a topic from multiple viewpoints.
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