Multilinguals in a Monolingual Community: The Influence of Non-linguistic Switching Cost and Awareness of Language Environment on Intentional and Unintentional Language Switch

Li-Hao Yeh, Jie Yee Lim
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Abstract

Multilinguals who live in their native multilingual communities are constantly switching between languages, whereas those who live in monolingual communities need to constrain their code-switching. Malaysia is a multilingual country in which people mix languages on a daily basis, whereas, in Taiwan, Mandarin is predominately used and people are more cautious about code-switching. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated what factors might facilitate Malaysian-Chinese students to reduce the unintentional switching between languages to adapt to the language environment in Taiwan. Malaysian-Chinese who live in Malaysia (MIM) and Taiwan (MIT) were recruited to investigate whether and how non-linguistic code-switching and their awareness of language environment (ALE) influence their intentional and unintentional code-switching experiences. Participants' non-verbal code-switching was measured by a color/shape switching task, whereas ALE and code-switching experiences were measured by questionnaires. The multiple regression analyses of MIT's responses showed that the moderation of non-linguistic switch cost and ALE significantly predicted MIT's unintentional code-switching. Moreover, the simple slope analysis showed that MIT with high executive control have a dynamic unintentional switch in which the higher level of ALE is associated with lower unintentional switch. However, MIT with low executive control have a static unintentional switch, uninfluenced by their level of ALE. These results suggested that multilinguals' executive control along with their awareness of the language environment help them adapt to living in a community with a predominant language.
单一语言社区中的多语言:非语言转换成本和语言环境意识对有意和无意语言转换的影响
生活在母语多语社区的多语者不断地在语言之间转换,而生活在单语社区的多语者则需要限制他们的语码转换。马来西亚是一个多语言国家,人们每天都在使用多种语言,而在台湾,普通话是主要使用语言,人们对语码转换更加谨慎。因此,在本研究中,我们探讨了哪些因素可以促进马来西亚华人学生减少无意识的语言转换,以适应台湾的语言环境。本研究招募了居住在马来西亚(MIM)和台湾(MIT)的马来西亚华人,探讨非语言语码转换和语言环境意识(ALE)是否以及如何影响他们有意和无意的语码转换体验。参与者的非语言语码转换是通过颜色/形状转换任务来测量的,而ALE和语码转换体验是通过问卷来测量的。多元回归分析表明,非语言转换成本和ALE的调节显著预测了非故意语码转换。此外,简单斜率分析表明,高执行控制的MIT存在一个动态的无意开关,其中高水平的ALE与低水平的无意开关相关。然而,低执行控制的MIT有一个静态的无意开关,不受他们的ALE水平的影响。这些结果表明,多语言者的执行控制能力以及他们对语言环境的意识有助于他们适应在一个语言占主导地位的社区生活。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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