Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach

IF 1.3 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
O. Amahmid, Y. El Guamri, Youness Rakibi, Mohamed Yazidi, B. Razoki, Khadija Kaid Rassou, Hanane Achaq, Safia Basla, Mohamed Amine Zerdeb, Meriyam El Omari, O. Touloun, S. Chakiri
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Background: Wastewater reuse in agriculture can potentially result in adverse health implications including parasitic diseases spread. Trichuris, Ascaris, and Giardia are major pathogenic parasites of concern associated with this practice. This review investigated their occurrence in wastewater, and environmental components reached through wastewater application, including irrigated soil and grown crops. Exposure pathways and evidence for health risks were also explored. Methods: Several databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate) and other sites were searched for published literature up to 2021. The searched keywords include wastewater reuse, soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), Ascaris, Trichuris, Giardia, crop contamination, soil contamination, health risk, epidemiological studies, exposure pathways, and risk mitigation. Overall, 160 papers have been yielded. After screening for relevance, 60 studies were considered for inclusion. Results: Giardia, Ascaris, and Trichuris were frequently detected in wastewater with up to 5×105 cysts/L and 5.73×103 eggs/L. Concentrations of 750 eggs/100 g and 2.8×104 cysts/100 g were reported in wastewater irrigated soil. Ascaris was reported in irrigated crops with up to 70 eggs/kg versus 6.6×103 cysts/kg for Giardia, depending on the type of crops. Epidemiological studies provided evidence supporting the increase of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and giardiasis diseases related to the exposure to wastewater irrigated soil and crops. Conclusion: The findings suggest that wastewater reuse in agriculture leads to contamination of soil, and crops with pathogenic parasites, increasing health risks in the exposed groups. To remedy this issue, protection measures, including a multi-barrier approach, can be applied to mitigate the health risks engendered by wastewater reuse for irrigation.
农业废水再利用:土壤和作物寄生虫污染、相关健康风险和缓解方法综述
背景:农业废水回用可能对健康造成不利影响,包括寄生虫病的传播。鞭虫、蛔虫和贾第鞭毛虫是与这种做法有关的主要致病寄生虫。本文综述了它们在废水中的分布情况,以及通过废水应用所达到的环境成分,包括灌溉土壤和种植作物。还探讨了接触途径和健康风险的证据。方法:检索b谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、Web of Science和ResearchGate等数据库,检索截至2021年的已发表文献。搜索的关键词包括废水回用、土壤传播蠕虫(STHs)、蛔虫、鞭虫、贾第鞭毛虫、作物污染、土壤污染、健康风险、流行病学研究、暴露途径和风险缓解。总共发表了160篇论文。在筛选相关性后,60项研究被纳入考虑。结果:废水中检出贾第虫、蛔虫和滴虫较多,检出的虫卵数分别高达5×105囊肿/L和5.73×103卵/L。废水灌溉土壤中虫卵750个/100 g,虫囊2.8×104 /100 g。据报道,根据作物类型,灌溉作物中蛔虫最多可达70个/公斤,贾第鞭毛虫最多可达6.6×103个/公斤。流行病学研究提供的证据支持蛔虫病、滴虫病和贾第虫病的增加与接触废水灌溉的土壤和作物有关。结论:农业废水回用导致土壤和作物感染致病性寄生虫,增加了暴露人群的健康风险。为了解决这一问题,可以采取保护措施,包括多屏障办法,以减轻废水再利用用于灌溉所造成的健康风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
37.50%
发文量
17
审稿时长
12 weeks
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