Green Synthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles using Phlomoides labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin&Makhm Herbal Extract by Investigating Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Effects

Abstract

Considering the high cost of nanoparticles chemical synthesis and bacteria high resistance against antibiotics, investigating silver particles biosynthesis and also their effect on clinical and standard strains of different bacteria is important. This study investigates the feasibility of green synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles by labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm Phlomoides (Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge) herbal extract, and Phlomoides binaludensis Salmaki & Joharchi (Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa) plant. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used for nanoparticles characterization. The antibacterial property of extracts and synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and escherichia coli by agar disk diffusion and well diffusion, respectively. As antioxidants existing in plants are expected to act as regenerators in nanoparticles synthesis. The plants used were investigated considering the existence of antioxidant through two DPPH and FRAP methods. Total values of phenol and IC50 determined in the extract of considered plants. The results showed that what has been successful in nanoparticles synthesis is silver chloride nanoparticles synthesis which is due to the existence of chlorinated compounds in the herbal extract. Synthesized nanoparticles are spherical, and they are in the 27-35 nm range size, and synthesized nanoparticles were distributed consistently. Also, nanoparticles enjoyed significant antibacterial activity. IC50 was 0.56 mg/ml and 0.96 mg/ml for the aerial organs of Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge and Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa, respectively, in this study, while it was 0.38 mg/ml for BHT synthetic antioxidant. Also, iron regeneration ability was reported 255.990 and 64.110 Fe ion mmol/extract gr by the extracts.