Role of Sapindus emarginatus Pericarp Extract in Gut Serotonin Level and its Emetic Activity in Animal Models

Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
L. Vivekanandan, Prabha Thangavelu, Jagadeeswaran Murugesan, Hemalatha Selvaraj
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Abstract

Emesis is a complexand distressing protective mechanism that helps to remove toxic substances from the stomach and prevent further ingestion. The emetics and cathartics are predominantly used for accidental and intentional ingestion of poisons or toxins. The availability and usage of emetics in humans are limited because of their side effects. Therefore, to treat poisoned people, we need effective medications. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl., often called soapnut, is a member of the Sapindaceae family. They have historically been used as emetic, antipruritic, laxative, antifertility, and anti-inflammatory medicines. This study aims to assess the gut serotonin level and emetic effect of Sapindus emarginatus hydroethanolic pericarp extract (HESE) by using animal models. Gravimetric analysis was used to determine the HESE's saponin content. The emetic effect of the HESE at a dose of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg was evaluated by copper sulfate-induced emesis in the chick model and cisplatin-induced emesis in the rat-pica model. The serotonin level in rat intestinal mucosa was measured by spectrofluorimetry. HESE was estimated to contain 11.92% saponin. The extract at high doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg showed emetic activity evidenced by increased frequency of retching in chick, increased kaolin intake, and anorexia in the rat-pica model. The extract showed a significant increase in serotonin levels in the proximal part of the small intestine in comparison with normal animals. According to the results of the current investigation, which employed various animal models, the HESE demonstrated appreciable emetic activity. The extract at a high dose showed a significant emetic effect due to increased serotonin levels in the gut. The HESE was discovered to be a strong contender for the treatment of poisoned patients. More research are required to validate their adverse effects of frequent usage.
无患子果皮提取物在动物模型中对肠道血清素水平及其蜕皮活性的影响
呕吐是一种复杂而痛苦的保护机制,有助于从胃中清除有毒物质并防止进一步摄入。催吐剂和泻药主要用于意外和故意摄入毒物或毒素。由于其副作用,催吐剂在人类中的可用性和使用受到限制。因此,为了治疗中毒的人,我们需要有效的药物。青松。通常被称为皂子,是皂荚科的一员。它们历来被用作催吐药、止痒药、泻药、抗生育药和消炎药。本研究旨在通过动物模型研究松皮水乙醇提取物(HESE)的肠道血清素水平和催吐作用。用重量分析法测定其皂苷含量。采用硫酸铜致鸡呕吐模型和顺铂致大鼠异食癖模型,分别评价250、500、1000、2000 mg/kg剂量下HESE的催吐效果。采用荧光光谱法测定大鼠肠黏膜血清素水平。据估计,黄芪皂苷含量为11.92%。高剂量1000和2000 mg/kg的提取物具有催吐活性,表现为鸡干呕频率增加,高岭土摄入量增加,异食癖大鼠厌食。与正常动物相比,提取物显示小肠近端血清素水平显著增加。根据目前采用各种动物模型的调查结果,HESE显示出明显的呕吐活性。由于肠道中血清素水平的增加,高剂量的提取物显示出显著的催吐作用。HESE被发现是治疗中毒病人的有力竞争者。需要更多的研究来证实频繁使用它们的不良影响。
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来源期刊
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Bioactive Compounds Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
112
期刊介绍: The journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles on new bioactive compounds with proven activities in various biological screenings and pharmacological models with a special emphasis on stereoeselective synthesis. The aim is to provide a valuable information source of bioactive compounds synthesized or isolated, which can be used for further development of pharmaceuticals by industry and academia. The journal should prove to be essential reading for pharmacologists, natural product chemists and medicinal chemists who wish to be kept informed and up-to-date with the most important developments on new bioactive compounds of natural or synthetic origin, including their stereoeselective synthesis.
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