Upholding the dignity of gay men who are (prospective) parents: an analysis of adoption and surrogacy law

Abstract

ABSTRACT Many gay men want to be parents. Some, however, feel unable to explore their parenting desires due to heteronormative understandings of the family which pervade their everyday lives. By inhibiting these gay men from exploring their parenting desires, wider society treats them differently from other social groups and curtails their liberty. Another way of thinking about this, at a more fundamental level, is that wider society is disrespecting the dignity of gay men. While law cannot singlehandedly end the stigma that gay men face, it can uphold their dignity by embracing gay men within the protective legal frameworks that are available to other new parents, and signalling the legitimacy of gay men’s reproductive choices. Through this analytical lens, this article then assesses how far adoption and surrogacy law historically upheld the dignity of gay men who were (prospective) parents; how far they currently do; and if (and how) they could go further. The article concludes that significant progress has been made towards judicial and Parliamentary respect for the parenting desires of gay men, but with scope for improvement, particularly regarding the legislative framework for surrogacy.