A Cooperation Advantage for Theory of Mind in Children and Adults

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Cognition Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI:10.1521/SOCO.2021.39.1.19

Lily Tsoi, J. Hamlin, A. Waytz, A. Baron, L. Young

引用次数: 3

Abstract

Three studies test whether people engage in mental state reasoning or theory of mind (ToM) differently across two fundamental social contexts: cooperation and competition. Study 1 examines how children with an emerging understanding of false beliefs deploy ToM across these contexts. We find that young preschool children are better able to plant false beliefs in others’ minds in a cooperative versus competitive context; this difference does not emerge for other cognitive capacities tested (e.g., executive functioning, memory). Studies 2a and 2b reveal the same systematic difference in adults’ ToM for cooperation and competition, even after accounting for relevant predictors (e.g., preference for a task condition, feelings about deception). Together, these findings provide initial evidence for enhanced ToM for cooperation versus competition in early development and also adulthood.

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儿童与成人心理理论的合作优势

三项研究测试了人们在合作和竞争这两个基本社会背景下是否以不同的方式进行心理状态推理或心理理论。研究1考察了对错误信念有新认识的儿童如何在这些背景下运用ToM。我们发现，在合作与竞争的环境中，年幼的学龄前儿童更容易在他人心中植入错误的信念；这种差异在测试的其他认知能力（如执行功能、记忆）中没有出现。研究2a和2b揭示了成年人在合作和竞争方面的ToM存在相同的系统差异，即使考虑了相关的预测因素（例如，对任务条件的偏好、对欺骗的感觉）。总之，这些发现为早期发育和成年期合作与竞争的ToM增强提供了初步证据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Social Cognition PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： An excellent resource for researchers as well as students, Social Cognition features reports on empirical research, self-perception, self-concept, social neuroscience, person-memory integration, social schemata, the development of social cognition, and the role of affect in memory and perception. Three broad concerns define the scope of the journal: - The processes underlying the perception, memory, and judgment of social stimuli - The effects of social, cultural, and affective factors on the processing of information The behavioral and interpersonal consequences of cognitive processes.