Implementation of the risk-oriented model in the system of the professional hygienic training and certification in the Russian Federation (literature review)

Abstract

The object of the study is the currently existing system of professional hygienic training and certification as an integral component of hygienic training and education of citizens. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the risk-based approach in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification, and the attempt to integrate this legislatively fixed phenomenon into the structure of preventive measures. There were used the analytical method for evaluation of regulatory and legal documentation, documentation of the Federal Medical Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region”, as well as literary sources on the subject of research of such information resources as Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, RSCI, eLibrary.RU mainly for the last 5 years (90% of the total number of cited sources). There was analyzed the experience of the existence of a risk-oriented approach in the implementation of activities in various areas (including the activities of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and subordinate institutions on the example of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region), as well as to propose and test a risk-oriented model in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification of employees in epidemiologically significant objects. The methodology of this procedure involves ranking the positions of personnel of epidemiologically significant facilities based on their attitude to the labour/technological process into 3 groups. In proportion to belonging to a particular rank group, the frequency, volume, and form of professional hygiene training and certification are reasoned. A methodology is proposed for the introduction of legally fixed components of the hygienic training system into the structure of preventive measures of Rospotrebnadzor bodies to get rid of formalization in the mode of constant monitoring of the level of knowledge of sanitary and epidemiological orientation of employees in epidemiologically significant facilities. Thus, the integration of the risk-oriented model into the system of hygienic training will in the future prevent a decrease in the quality of knowledge in the field of hygiene and epidemiology among employees in epidemiologically significant facilities and positively affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the country.