Environmental and Caregivers-Related Factors Influencing the Psychosocial Well-Being of Older Adults with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Dementia is caused by neurological problems resulting in a deterioration in cognitive functions; it negatively affects all aspects of life in older adults. However, there are few research studies examining the health outcomes of people with dementia (PWD). To analyze previous research on environmental and caregiver-related factors influencing the psychological and behavioral well-being of PWD residing in community or nursing home settings. A systematic review method was used. An electronic search was conducted in June 2021 using several electronic research databases, limited to the years between 2016 and 2021, and restricted by abstract and full text, English language, and the combination of keywords. Two researchers independently selected and screened the articles based on the eligibility criteria. The articles were summarized according to aim, design, sample size, setting, instruments, and main findings. An analysis of previous research on the impact of physical and social environment and caregiver-related factors on the psychosocial and behavioral outcomes of PWD was performed. The reviewed studies indicated a significant correlation between environmental factors, mental health, quality of life (QoL), positive and negative affectivity, and agitation in PWD; those who lived in their own homes or in a similar setting had higher levels of social interactions with relatives and caregivers and higher QoL. The communication between PWD and their caregivers was also highlighted, as it helped reduce aggressiveness, anxiety, depression, and isolation among PWD. Moreover, many caregiver-related factors, including financial and social burdens, correlated negatively with their quality of care.