Planning and execution of osteotomies for spinal deformity

Abstract

Spinal deformity can occur at any age from either congenital or acquired etiologies leading to coronal or sagittal imbalance. Regardless of etiology, deformity and imbalance lead to both functional and psychological impairment. For fixed deformities, osteotomies provide a powerful tool for realignment. In this review, the clinical and radiographic indications for osteotomies are outlined. Along with indications, specific considerations with regard to planning and executing Smith Peterson Osteotomies, Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomies, and Vertebral Column Resections will be detailed.