Zimbabwe’s Economic Meltdown: Are Sanctions Really to Blame?

IF 1.2 3区社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Washington Quarterly Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI:10.1080/0163660X.2021.1934997

Musiwaro Ndakaripa

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Since the early 2000s, Zimbabwe has been under sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union that have shaped Zimbabwe’s domestic politics as well as the country’s relations withWestern nations. The Zimbabwean government under President Emmerson Mnangagwa, who was inaugurated on November 24, 2017, blames the sanctions for the country’s economic meltdown—Zimbabwe is currently facing foreign currency and cash shortages, an inflation rate of 288.5 percent from October 2018 to October 2019, and excessive utility costs and low wages resulting in drastically decreased demand for goods and services. Most citizens are now subjected to extreme poverty. The Zimbabwean government has made multiple attempts to rally anti-sanctions sentiment, but sanctions have largely been maintained. The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) government’s first anti-sanctions campaign took place in 2011 when then-President Mugabe and his leadership launched the National Anti-Sanctions Petition Campaign rally in Harare on March 1, 2011. The main Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party led by then-Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai

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津巴布韦经济崩溃:制裁真的是罪魁祸首吗?

自21世纪初以来，津巴布韦一直受到美国和欧盟的制裁，这些制裁影响了津巴布韦的国内政治以及该国与西方国家的关系。2017年11月24日就职的总统埃默森·姆南加格瓦领导的津巴布韦政府将该国的经济崩溃归咎于制裁——津巴布韦目前面临外汇和现金短缺，2018年10月至2019年10月的通货膨胀率为288.5%，过高的公用事业成本和低工资导致对商品和服务的需求急剧下降。大多数公民现在处于极端贫困之中。津巴布韦政府多次试图凝聚反制裁情绪，但制裁基本上得到了维持。津巴布韦非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线（ZANU-PF）政府的第一次反制裁运动发生在2011年，当时的总统穆加贝及其领导层于2011年3月1日在哈拉雷发起了全国反制裁请愿运动集会。由时任总理摩根·茨万吉拉伊领导的主要民主变革运动党

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来源期刊

Washington Quarterly Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Washington Quarterly (TWQ) is a journal of global affairs that analyzes strategic security challenges, changes, and their public policy implications. TWQ is published out of one of the world"s preeminent international policy institutions, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and addresses topics such as: •The U.S. role in the world •Emerging great powers: Europe, China, Russia, India, and Japan •Regional issues and flashpoints, particularly in the Middle East and Asia •Weapons of mass destruction proliferation and missile defenses •Global perspectives to reduce terrorism Contributors are drawn from outside as well as inside the United States and reflect diverse political, regional, and professional perspectives.