Evaluation of crop-topping strategies to reduce common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seed production in potato production systems

Abstract

Potato producers in Canada’s Atlantic provinces of Prince Edward Island (PE) and New Brunswick (NB) rely on photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides to provide season-long weed control. Despite this fact, a high proportion of common lambsquarters populations in the region have been identified as resistant to this class of herbicides. Crop-topping is a late-season weed management practice that exploits the height differential between weeds and a developing crop canopy. Two field experiments were conducted in Harrington, PE, in 2020 and 2021 one each to evaluate the efficacy of a different crop-topping strategy, above-canopy mowing or wick-applied glyphosate, at two potato phenological stages, on common lambsquarters viable seed production and potato yield and quality. Mowing common lambsquarters post-flowering decreased viable seed production (72%-91%) in 2020 but increased seed production (78%-278%) in 2021. Mowing had minimal impact on potato marketable yield across cultivars in both years. In contrast, treating common lambsquarters with wick-applied glyphosate had variable impacts on seed output in 2020 but dramatically reduced seed production (up to 95%) in 2021 when treatments were applied pre-flowering. Glyphosate damage to potato tubers was not influenced by timing and resulted in a 14%-15% increase in culled tubers due to black spotting and rot. Our results highlight the importance of potato and common lambsquarters phenology when selecting a crop-topping strategy and demonstrate that above-canopy mowing and wick-applied glyphosate can be utilized for seedbank management of herbicide resistant common lambsquarters in potato production systems.