Alliance Embeddedness: Rodrigo Duterte and the Resilience of the US–Philippine Alliance

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Foreign Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI:10.1093/FPA/ORAB013

Gregory H. Winger

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

In 2016, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte pledged to radically reorient Philippine foreign policy by separating from Manila's longtime ally the United States. Yet, this vaunted break with America has failed to manifest. Joint US–Philippine military activities have continued with President Duterte even singing the praises of his American partners. To understand how this about-face in Manila occurred, I conducted a detailed analysis of the first eighteen months of the Duterte administration. Drawing on primary sources and interviews with government officials from both countries, I argue that the continued vitality of the US–Philippine alliance stems not from disenchantment with China nor personal relationship between Duterte and Trump, but rather from an underlying institutional affinity engendered over decades of defense cooperation. Specifically, institutionalized cooperation within the alliance has cultivated a strong reservoir of support for the alliance within key institutions inside the Philippine government. This case not only highlights the development of the Duterte administration but also illustrates the wider ability of alliances to weather political discord by cultivating support within national bureaucracies.

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联盟嵌入：罗德里戈·杜特尔特与美菲联盟的韧性

2016年，菲律宾总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特承诺从根本上调整菲律宾外交政策，与马尼拉的长期盟友美国分离。然而，这种自吹自擂的与美国的决裂并没有体现出来。美国和菲律宾的联合军事活动仍在继续，杜特尔特总统甚至赞扬了他的美国伙伴。为了了解马尼拉的这种转变是如何发生的，我对杜特尔特政府的前18个月进行了详细分析。根据主要消息来源和对两国政府官员的采访，我认为，美菲联盟的持续活力并非源于对中国的失望，也并非源于杜特尔特和特朗普之间的个人关系，而是源于数十年防务合作所产生的潜在制度亲和力。具体而言，联盟内部的制度化合作为菲律宾政府内部的关键机构培养了对联盟的强大支持。这起案件不仅突显了杜特尔特政府的发展，还表明了联盟通过在国家官僚机构中培养支持来抵御政治不和的更广泛能力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Foreign Policy Analysis INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Reflecting the diverse, comparative and multidisciplinary nature of the field, Foreign Policy Analysis provides an open forum for research publication that enhances the communication of concepts and ideas across theoretical, methodological, geographical and disciplinary boundaries. By emphasizing accessibility of content for scholars of all perspectives and approaches in the editorial and review process, Foreign Policy Analysis serves as a source for efforts at theoretical and methodological integration and deepening the conceptual debates throughout this rich and complex academic research tradition. Foreign policy analysis, as a field of study, is characterized by its actor-specific focus. The underlying, often implicit argument is that the source of international politics and change in international politics is human beings, acting individually or in groups. In the simplest terms, foreign policy analysis is the study of the process, effects, causes or outputs of foreign policy decision-making in either a comparative or case-specific manner.