{"title":"Evaluation of triethanolamine-cashew nutshell liquid derivatives as crude oil emulsion breakers","authors":"C. O. Victor-Oji, U. J. Chukwu, O. Akaranta","doi":"10.1007/s13203-021-00273-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three bio-based crude oil emulsion breakers have been prepared from agricultural waste by chemical treatment of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) extract with triethanolamine via a one-pot reaction at 120 ℃. The triethanolamine-ester derivatives were characterized by Fourier Transform–InfraRed spectroscopy. Their effectiveness as crude oil emulsion breakers were investigated experimentally using the bottle test method. The effect of solvent type, water content, and concentration of the emulsion breaker, was used to study the demulsification process and determine their demulsification efficiency at a temperature of 60 ℃ for a contact time of 180 min. A commercial demulsifier, PhaseTreat 4633 (PT-4633) was used as a benchmark. Performance evaluation of the prepared emulsion breakers revealed their effectiveness in descending order as: triethanolamine dianacardate (TED) > triethanolamine trianacardate (TET) > triethanolamine anacardate (TEA). The data reveals that their emulsion breaking efficiency increases with increasing emulsion water content, and concentration. PT-4633 exhibited better demulsification efficiency than the triethanolamine-esters in xylene across the concentration and water content studied. Improved water separation was however observed for the triethanolamine-esters in butanol, as triethanolamine trianacardate (TET) performed better than PT-4633 at 10 ppm to 20 ppm at 30% water content with a water separation of 83.33% and 80% respectively. The evaluated triethanolamine ester derivatives exhibited better emulsion breaking potentials in butanol than xylene at shorter times, which may be due to the synergistic effect of butanol. Therefore, butanol could be used as a sustainable solvent substitute for xylene in demulsifier formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Petrochemical Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"209 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1250,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13203-021-00273-z","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Petrochemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13203-021-00273-z","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
Three bio-based crude oil emulsion breakers have been prepared from agricultural waste by chemical treatment of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) extract with triethanolamine via a one-pot reaction at 120 ℃. The triethanolamine-ester derivatives were characterized by Fourier Transform–InfraRed spectroscopy. Their effectiveness as crude oil emulsion breakers were investigated experimentally using the bottle test method. The effect of solvent type, water content, and concentration of the emulsion breaker, was used to study the demulsification process and determine their demulsification efficiency at a temperature of 60 ℃ for a contact time of 180 min. A commercial demulsifier, PhaseTreat 4633 (PT-4633) was used as a benchmark. Performance evaluation of the prepared emulsion breakers revealed their effectiveness in descending order as: triethanolamine dianacardate (TED) > triethanolamine trianacardate (TET) > triethanolamine anacardate (TEA). The data reveals that their emulsion breaking efficiency increases with increasing emulsion water content, and concentration. PT-4633 exhibited better demulsification efficiency than the triethanolamine-esters in xylene across the concentration and water content studied. Improved water separation was however observed for the triethanolamine-esters in butanol, as triethanolamine trianacardate (TET) performed better than PT-4633 at 10 ppm to 20 ppm at 30% water content with a water separation of 83.33% and 80% respectively. The evaluated triethanolamine ester derivatives exhibited better emulsion breaking potentials in butanol than xylene at shorter times, which may be due to the synergistic effect of butanol. Therefore, butanol could be used as a sustainable solvent substitute for xylene in demulsifier formulations.
期刊介绍：
Applied Petrochemical Research is a quarterly Open Access journal supported by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and all the manuscripts are single-blind peer-reviewed for scientific quality and acceptance. The article-processing charge (APC) for all authors is covered by KACST. Publication of original applied research on all aspects of the petrochemical industry focusing on new and smart technologies that allow the production of value-added end products in a cost-effective way. Topics of interest include: • Review of Petrochemical Processes • Reaction Engineering • Design • Catalysis • Pilot Plant and Production Studies • Synthesis As Applied to any of the following aspects of Petrochemical Research: -Feedstock Petrochemicals: Ethylene Production, Propylene Production, Butylene Production, Aromatics Production (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene etc...), Oxygenate Production (Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol etc…), Paraffins and Waxes. -Petrochemical Refining Processes: Cracking (Steam Cracking, Hydrocracking, Fluid Catalytic Cracking), Reforming and Aromatisation, Isomerisation Processes, Dimerization and Polymerization, Aromatic Alkylation, Oxidation Processes, Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation. -Products: Polymers and Plastics, Lubricants, Speciality and Fine Chemicals (Adhesives, Fragrances, Flavours etc...), Fibres, Pharmaceuticals.
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