Evolution of symmetry index in minerals

IF 3.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Marko Bermanec, Noa Vidović, Liubomyr Gavryliv, Shaunna M. Morrison, Robert M. Hazen
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Abstract

Crystal structures of minerals are defined by a specific atomic arrangement within the unit-cell, which follows the laws of symmetry specific to each crystal system. The causes for a mineral to crystallize in a given crystal system have been the subject of many studies showing their dependency on different formation conditions, such as the presence of aqueous fluids, biotic activity and many others. Different attempts have been made to quantify and interpret the information that we can gather from studying crystal symmetry and its distribution in the mineral kingdom. However, these methods are mostly outdated or at least not compatible for use on large datasets available today. Therefore, a revision of symmetry index calculation has been made in accordance with the growing understanding of mineral species and their characteristics. In the gathered data, we observe a gradual but significant decrease in crystal symmetry through the stages of mineral evolution, from the formation of the solar system to modern day. However, this decrease is neither uniform nor linear, which provides further implications for mineral evolution from the viewpoint of crystal symmetry. The temporal distribution of minerals based on the number of essential elements in their chemical formulae and their symmetry index has been calculated and compared to explore their behaviour. Minerals with four to eight essential elements have the lowest average symmetry index, while being the most abundant throughout all stages of mineral evolution. There are many open questions, including those pertaining to whether or not biological activity on Earth has influenced the observed decrease in mineral symmetry through time and whether or not the trajectory of planetary evolution of a geologically active body is one of decreasing mineral symmetry/increasing complexity.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

矿物中对称指数的演化
矿物的晶体结构是由单位晶胞内的特定原子排列确定的,这种排列遵循每个晶系特有的对称法则。矿物在特定晶系中结晶的原因一直是许多研究的主题,这些研究表明它们取决于不同的形成条件,如水体的存在、生物活动等。为了量化和解释我们从研究晶体对称性及其在矿物王国中的分布中收集到的信息,人们进行了不同的尝试。然而,这些方法大多已经过时,或者至少无法兼容当今的大型数据集。因此,我们根据对矿物种类及其特征不断加深的了解,对对称性指数的计算方法进行了修订。在收集到的数据中,我们观察到晶体对称性在从太阳系形成到现代的矿物演化过程中逐渐显著下降。然而,这种下降既不是均匀的,也不是线性的,这从晶体对称性的角度为矿物演化提供了进一步的启示。根据矿物化学式中必需元素的数量及其对称性指数,计算并比较了矿物的时间分布,以探索其行为。含有四到八种基本元素的矿物的平均对称性指数最低,但在矿物演化的各个阶段却最为丰富。目前还有许多未决问题,包括地球上的生物活动是否影响了所观察到的矿物对称性随时间推移而降低的现象,以及地质活动活跃的天体的行星演化轨迹是否是矿物对称性降低/复杂性增加的轨迹。
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来源期刊
Geoscience Data Journal
Geoscience Data Journal GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
9.40%
发文量
35
审稿时长
4 weeks
期刊介绍: Geoscience Data Journal provides an Open Access platform where scientific data can be formally published, in a way that includes scientific peer-review. Thus the dataset creator attains full credit for their efforts, while also improving the scientific record, providing version control for the community and allowing major datasets to be fully described, cited and discovered. An online-only journal, GDJ publishes short data papers cross-linked to – and citing – datasets that have been deposited in approved data centres and awarded DOIs. The journal will also accept articles on data services, and articles which support and inform data publishing best practices. Data is at the heart of science and scientific endeavour. The curation of data and the science associated with it is as important as ever in our understanding of the changing earth system and thereby enabling us to make future predictions. Geoscience Data Journal is working with recognised Data Centres across the globe to develop the future strategy for data publication, the recognition of the value of data and the communication and exploitation of data to the wider science and stakeholder communities.
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