How Can We Halt-CKD in Primary Care?: Clinical Care Paths to Manage Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem in Singapore, and its incidence is projected to rise. Slowing the progression of CKD is paramount in enabling patients to live longer without complications or the need for kidney replacement therapy, allaying the health and economic burden of CKD on individuals and the society. Effective treatment strategies comprise of lifestyle, dietary, and medical management, which include dietary sodium restriction, physical activity, smoking cessation, blood pressure and glucose control, and use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors to reduce albuminuria. The Holistic Approach in Lowering and Tracking Chronic Kidney Disease (HALTCKD) programme is a concerted effort to delay the progression of CKD through a multi-faceted, integrated approach. Here, we outline the rationale and aims of these recommendations, provide practical tips for implementing these interventions, and highlight future opportunities in our ongoing battle against CKD.