Epoxy biocomposites-based chemically treated coffee dystrophy and castor oil

Q2 Materials Science

Polymers from Renewable Resources Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI:10.1177/20412479221147302

A. Mousa, M. Gedan‐Smolka

{"title":"Epoxy biocomposites-based chemically treated coffee dystrophy and castor oil","authors":"A. Mousa, M. Gedan‐Smolka","doi":"10.1177/20412479221147302","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"An agro-waste such as coffee beans has been used to generate cellulose particles. Coffee roast which is brown in color, was treated with 6% sodium chlorite solution, followed by alkali treatment. This chemically treated mass was subjected to acid treatment with 20% sulfuric acid. Cellulose microwhiskers were released. These micro particles were examined by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). X-Ray diffraction study of these white cellulose particles and the residue showed a highly crystalline nature of the cellulose particles. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were carried out to further investigate any structural changes after chemical treatment. The spectra of the treated powder showed lesser peak intensity at 1630 cm−1. This peak is related to the aromatic ring of lignin. Thus, indicating that the removal of aromatic rings of lignin and polysaccharides after hydrolysis process, simultaneously increases degree of crystallinity. Composites of epoxy resin with a conventional amide-type hardener reinforced with renewable materials were investigated in the presence of castor oil (CO). The renewable material was extracted from coffee beans using various chemical agents. The extracted renewable material has been incorporated into epoxy resin. The composites were evaluated by FTIR to check any interactions. The remarkable hint is the increased intensity of the peak located at 3941 cm−1 being assigned to the –NH2 of the amine cured epoxy. The increment in the intensity is being attributed to the enhanced degree of interaction between the multifunctional CO and the amine cured epoxy resin as mentioned earlier. Tests of tensile and impact strength properties were carried out and Izod impact was determined at room temperature. It has been found that the incorporation of CO has significantly increased the elongation at break. The impact resistance of the composites with CO has significantly increased as compared to the control and the samples without CO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to assess the effects of reinforcement and homogenization of the composites. It was noticed that the incorporation of the CO has turned the topography of the samples to a smooth surface with respect to rugged phase of the samples without CO.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479221147302","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Materials Science","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

An agro-waste such as coffee beans has been used to generate cellulose particles. Coffee roast which is brown in color, was treated with 6% sodium chlorite solution, followed by alkali treatment. This chemically treated mass was subjected to acid treatment with 20% sulfuric acid. Cellulose microwhiskers were released. These micro particles were examined by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). X-Ray diffraction study of these white cellulose particles and the residue showed a highly crystalline nature of the cellulose particles. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were carried out to further investigate any structural changes after chemical treatment. The spectra of the treated powder showed lesser peak intensity at 1630 cm−1. This peak is related to the aromatic ring of lignin. Thus, indicating that the removal of aromatic rings of lignin and polysaccharides after hydrolysis process, simultaneously increases degree of crystallinity. Composites of epoxy resin with a conventional amide-type hardener reinforced with renewable materials were investigated in the presence of castor oil (CO). The renewable material was extracted from coffee beans using various chemical agents. The extracted renewable material has been incorporated into epoxy resin. The composites were evaluated by FTIR to check any interactions. The remarkable hint is the increased intensity of the peak located at 3941 cm−1 being assigned to the –NH2 of the amine cured epoxy. The increment in the intensity is being attributed to the enhanced degree of interaction between the multifunctional CO and the amine cured epoxy resin as mentioned earlier. Tests of tensile and impact strength properties were carried out and Izod impact was determined at room temperature. It has been found that the incorporation of CO has significantly increased the elongation at break. The impact resistance of the composites with CO has significantly increased as compared to the control and the samples without CO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to assess the effects of reinforcement and homogenization of the composites. It was noticed that the incorporation of the CO has turned the topography of the samples to a smooth surface with respect to rugged phase of the samples without CO.

查看原文本刊更多论文

环氧生物复合材料为基础的化学处理咖啡营养不良和蓖麻油

咖啡豆等农业废弃物已被用于产生纤维素颗粒。用6%的亚氯酸钠溶液对褐色咖啡进行碱处理。用20%的硫酸对这种经过化学处理的物质进行酸处理。纤维素微须被释放。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）对这些微粒进行检查。对这些白色纤维素颗粒和残留物的X射线衍射研究显示出纤维素颗粒的高度结晶性质。进行傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）以进一步研究化学处理后的任何结构变化。经处理的粉末的光谱在1630 cm−1处显示出较小的峰值强度。该峰与木质素的芳香环有关。由此可见，木质素和多糖在水解过程后芳环的去除，同时提高了结晶度。研究了在蓖麻油（CO）存在下，环氧树脂与传统酰胺型硬化剂用可再生材料增强的复合材料。使用各种化学试剂从咖啡豆中提取可再生材料。提取的可再生材料已被掺入环氧树脂中。通过FTIR对复合材料进行评估，以检查任何相互作用。显著的提示是，位于3941 cm−1处的峰值强度增加，归属于胺固化环氧树脂的–NH2。强度的增加归因于多官能CO和胺固化环氧树脂之间的相互作用程度的增强，如前所述。进行了拉伸和冲击强度性能测试，并在室温下测定了Izod冲击。已经发现CO的引入显著地增加了断裂伸长率。与对照和不含CO的样品相比，含CO的复合材料的抗冲击性显著提高。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像用于评估复合材料的增强和均匀化效果。注意到，相对于不含CO的样品的粗糙相，CO的加入使样品的形貌变成了光滑的表面。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Polymers from Renewable Resources Materials Science-Polymers and Plastics

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Polymers from Renewable Resources, launched in 2010, publishes leading peer reviewed research that is focused on the development of renewable polymers and their application in the production of industrial, consumer, and medical products. The progressive decline of fossil resources, together with the ongoing increases in oil prices, has initiated an increase in the search for alternatives based on renewable resources for the production of energy. The prevalence of petroleum and carbon based chemistry for the production of organic chemical goods has generated a variety of initiatives aimed at replacing fossil sources with renewable counterparts. In particular, major efforts are being conducted in polymer science and technology to prepare macromolecular materials based on renewable resources. Also gaining momentum is the utilisation of vegetable biomass either by the separation of its components and their development or after suitable chemical modification. This journal is a valuable addition to academic, research and industrial libraries, research institutions dealing with the use of natural resources and materials science and industrial laboratories concerned with polymer science.