Measurement and rapid assessment of indoor air quality at mass gathering events to assess ventilation performance and reduce aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Liora Malki-Epshtein, Filipa Adzic, Ben M Roberts, Elizabeth Abigail Hathway, Christopher Iddon, Murat Mustafa, Malcolm Cook
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To assess risk factors for COVID-19 transmission and address the closure of mass gathering events since March 2020, the UK Government ran the Events Research Programme (ERP), following which it reopened live events in sports, music, and culture in July 2021. We report the rapid post-occupancy evaluation of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and associated long-range airborne transmission risk conducted in the Environmental Study of the ERP. Ten large venues around the UK were monitored with CO2 sensors at a high spatial and temporal resolution during 90 events. An IAQ Index based on CO2 concentration was developed, and all monitored spaces were classified in bands from A to G based on their average and maximum CO2 concentrations from all events. High resolution monitoring and the IAQ Index depicted the overall state of ventilation at live events, and allowed identification of issues with ventilation effectiveness and distribution, and of spaces with poor ventilation and the settings in which long-range airborne transmission risk may be increased. In numerous settings, CO2 concentrations were found to follow patterns relating to event management and specific occupancy of spaces around the venues. Good ventilation was observed in 90% of spaces monitored for given occupancies. Practical applications: High-resolution monitoring of indoor CO2 concentrations is necessary to detect the spatial variation of indoor air quality (IAQ) in large mass gathering event venues. The paper summarises COVID-19 ventilation guidance for buildings and defines a methodology for measurement and rapid assessment of IAQ during occupancy at live events that can be implemented by venue managers. Comparisons of the CO2 concentrations measured during the events identified the spaces at high risk of long-range transmission of airborne pathogens. Building operators should be mindful of the ventilation strategies used relative to the total occupancy in different spaces and the occupant's activities.

对人群聚集场所室内空气质量进行测量和快速评估,评估通风性能,减少SARS-CoV-2的气溶胶传播
为了评估新冠肺炎传播的风险因素,并解决自2020年3月以来关闭大规模集会活动的问题,英国政府实施了活动研究计划(ERP),随后于2021年7月重新开放了体育、音乐和文化方面的现场活动。我们报告了在ERP环境研究中进行的室内空气质量(IAQ)和相关远程空气传播风险的快速入住后评估。在90场活动中,英国各地的10个大型场馆都用二氧化碳传感器进行了高时空分辨率的监测。开发了一个基于CO2浓度的室内空气质量指数,并根据所有事件的平均和最大CO2浓度将所有监测空间分为A到G。高分辨率监测和室内空气质量指数描述了现场活动的总体通风状态,并允许识别通风效果和分布问题,以及通风不良的空间和可能增加远程空气传播风险的环境。在许多情况下,发现二氧化碳浓度遵循与活动管理和场馆周围空间特定占用相关的模式。在给定占用率的监测空间中,90%的空间通风良好。实际应用:在大型群众聚集性活动场所,有必要对室内CO2浓度进行高分辨率监测,以检测室内空气质量(IAQ)的空间变化。本文总结了新冠肺炎建筑物通风指南,并定义了现场活动入住期间室内空气质量的测量和快速评估方法,可由场馆经理实施。对事件期间测量的二氧化碳浓度的比较确定了空气传播病原体的高风险空间。建筑运营商应注意相对于不同空间的总占用率和占用者的活动所使用的通风策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Building Services Engineering Research & Technology
Building Services Engineering Research & Technology 工程技术-结构与建筑技术
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
5.90%
发文量
38
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Building Services Engineering Research & Technology is one of the foremost, international peer reviewed journals that publishes the highest quality original research relevant to today’s Built Environment. Published in conjunction with CIBSE, this impressive journal reports on the latest research providing you with an invaluable guide to recent developments in the field.
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