Effects of the Anthocyanin Compound (Cyanidin-3-glucoside) on some Histological and Physiological Parameters Related to the Heart in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

Abstract

The increasing incidence of heart disease due to an unhealthy diet rich in fats has encouraged the use of plant extracts, which have shown efficiency in improving body immunity and promoting human health. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside on some physiological and histological parameters related to the heart in white male rats exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. The study included 48 adult male white rats with a weight range of 200-300 g, and an ages range of 8-12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight rats per group. Group 1 was considered a negative control group supplied with water and the basal diet for 30 days. Group 2 was a positive control group in which the rats were given drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1%. The third group orally received cyanidin-3-glucoside at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. The fourth group received both cyanidin-3-glucoside compounds at a concentration of 70 mg/kg and drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1%. The fifth group was dosed orally with a cyanidin-3-glucoside only at a concentration of 50 mg/kg, and the sixth group was dosed orally with a cyanidin-3-glucoside at a concentration of 70 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, then blood samples were collected from the heart directly to obtain serum for measuring the levels of troponin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK-MB). The results showed a significant increase in troponin, LDH, and CK-MB levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. However, there was a significant decrease in the level of these enzymes in the third and fourth groups, compared to the positive control group. The fifth and sixth groups demonstrated a significant decrease, compared to the positive control group. However, they revealed a nonsignificant difference in the levels of these parameters, compared to the negative control group. The obtained results indicated that the cyanidin-3-glucoside compound positively prevented heart muscle damage caused by oxidative stress.