Epidemiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in birjand city, between 2008 and 2017

Abstract

Background and Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common causes of head and neck cancer and is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world. its prognosis is weak due to late diagnosis and varied clinical. Environmental and climatic conditions play a role in cancers; for this reason, the necessity of epidemiological studies is felt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ten-year epidemiology of cases infected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in birjand. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, by the method of retrospective study was performed on 111 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. demographic and histopathological data were extracted from patient records. Subsequently, the data were then analyzed using one-way Chi-square test or Fisher's alpha level of α =0.05. Results: In this study, the mean age of the patients was 60.52 ± 12.9 years and the ratio of male to female was 2.08. The most common sites of involvement were larynx (63.1%) and followed by tongue (8.1%). For smokers, laryngeal involvement was 76.7% and for non-smokers, 54.4%, which is statistically significant (P=0.04). 54.1% of patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with moderately differentiation. 55% of patients were living in the city. Moderately differentiated tissue lesions among drug users they were significantly higher(P=0.02). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has become more prevalent in men, especially the elderly, in recent years. The most common site of involvement in head and neck was the larynx, and smoking significantly increased the prevalence of laryngeal lesions.