Calorie restriction causes multiple beneficial metabolic adaptations linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals: Results of CALERIE, a multicenter randomised controlled trial

Q3 Medicine

Nutrition and Healthy Aging Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI:10.3233/nha-220180

Lin Yang, N. Veronese, A. Harper, L. Piccio, S. Twigg, L. Fontana

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Understanding the temporal association and relative power of anthropometric, body composition and energy metabolism measurements of calorie restriction (CR) in predicting metabolic and hormonal adaptations is important, given the clinical and public health implications of excess weight and adiposity. METHODS: Anthropometric (body weight, BMI, waist circumference), body composition (body fat and lean mass by DXA), energy metabolism (leptin and total daily energy intake by doubly labelled water [DLW]) markers and an extensive assessment of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and hormonal risk factors were obtained in 191, 21–50 year old non-obese (BMI 22·0–27·9 kg/m2) women and men, who participated in the 2-yr CALERIE randomized clinical trial. Pairwise correlations for each adiposity and energy metabolism measure were calculated against each other and against each metabolic parameter. In addition, spline and linear regression models were developed to determine a threshold effect of adiposity and energy metabolism measures to trigger changes in metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Among the progressively more sophisticated measures of adiposity, body weight is the variable that is most strongly correlated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes during CR-induced weight loss in young and middle-aged non-obese men and women. Waist circumference and DXA body fat are not superior to body weight or BMI in detecting these biological modifications. We did not find a specific threshold in weight loss to be exceeded for changes in metabolic and inflammatory adaptations to occur. Even small reductions in body weight cause a significant decline in serum T3 levels, a predictor of post-CR weight regain. CONCLUSIONS: Calorie restriction with adequate nutrition causes multiple beneficial cardiometabolic and hormonal adaptations that are linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals. Once a baseline has been established, tracking changes in body weight is sufficient to monitor improvements in metabolic health.

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热量限制导致非肥胖个体的多种有益代谢适应与体重减轻程度线性相关：CALERIE，一项多中心随机对照试验的结果

背景与目的：考虑到超重和肥胖的临床和公共卫生影响，了解热量限制（CR）的人体测量、身体成分和能量代谢测量在预测代谢和激素适应方面的时间关联和相对能力是重要的。方法：对191名21-50岁非肥胖者（BMI 22.0~27.9 kg/m2）的女性和男性，他们参加了为期2年的CALERIE随机临床试验。每种肥胖和能量代谢测量的成对相关性是根据彼此和每个代谢参数计算的。此外，还开发了样条和线性回归模型，以确定肥胖和能量代谢指标的阈值效应，从而触发代谢参数的变化。结果：在越来越复杂的肥胖测量中，体重是在年轻和中年非肥胖男性和女性CR诱导的减肥过程中与心脏代谢和炎症结果最密切相关的变量。在检测这些生物修饰方面，腰围和DXA体脂并不优于体重或BMI。我们没有发现超过特定的减肥阈值，代谢和炎症适应就会发生变化。即使体重略有下降，也会导致血清T3水平显著下降，这是CR后体重恢复的预测因素。结论：热量限制和充足的营养会导致多种有益的心脏代谢和激素适应，这些适应与非肥胖个体的体重减轻程度呈线性关系。一旦建立了基线，跟踪体重的变化就足以监测代谢健康的改善。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition and Healthy Aging Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Nutrition and Healthy Aging is an international forum for research on nutrition as a means of promoting healthy aging. It is particularly concerned with the impact of nutritional interventions on the metabolic and molecular mechanisms which modulate aging and age-associated diseases, including both biological responses on the part of the organism itself and its micro biome. Results emanating from both model organisms and clinical trials will be considered. With regards to the latter, the journal will be rigorous in only accepting for publication well controlled, randomized human intervention trials that conform broadly with the current EFSA and US FDA guidelines for nutritional clinical studies. The journal will publish research articles, short communications, critical reviews and conference summaries, whilst open peer commentaries will be welcomed.