Revealing the influence of Nb-doping on the crystal structure and electromechanical properties of (K, Bi)(Mg, Ti, Nb)O3 ceramics

IF 1.7 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Electroceramics Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI:10.1007/s10832-023-00321-1

Aurang Zeb, Fazli Akram, Muhammad Habib, Qamar Iqbal, Amir Ullah, Ihsan Ullah, Nasir Ali, S. J. Milne, Muhammad Sheeraz, Conrad Ingram, Shahid Iqbal, Fayaz Hussain, Adnan Younis, P. T. Tho, Chang Won Ahn

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Abstract

Nb-modified lead-free ceramics (K_0.48Bi_0.52)(Mg_0.02Ti_0.98−xNb_x)O₃, (KBT-BMTNbx with x = 0.00 − 0.05) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction route followed by furnace cooling. The effects of Nb-doping on the structural properties and electrical properties of KBT-BMTNbx ceramics have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction pattern indicates a mixed tetragonal and cubic phase for the pure KBT-BMTNbx ceramics. Therefore, a large piezoelectric actuator coefficient d₃₃^* ≈ 700 pm/V, piezoelectric sensor coefficient (d₃₃ ≈ 133 pC/N) along with remnant polarization (P_r ≈ 17.5 µC/cm²), maximum electromechanical strain ≈ 0.35% and maximum temperature (T_m ≈ 336 ºC) were obtained for KBT-BMTNbx. However, with Nb-doping, a compositionally driven phase transformation occurred from mixed rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to cubic phase. Because of the excess Nb-doping in the KBT-BMT ceramics, the grain size suddenly decreased, as a result, the long-range ferroelectric phase was converted into a short-range relaxor phase. Hence, a low dielectric loss tanδ ≈ 0.02 was achieved at x = 0.02 composition. This superior dielectric performance is correlated to the crystal structure morphotropic phase boundary, optimum grain size (≈ 2 μm), maximum lattice distortion, and soft-ferroelectric effect induced by the donor doping. The main aim of recent research is to investigate P_r, d₃₃, d₃₃^*, S_max, and reduced tanδ for practical applications in the real world.

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揭示了铌掺杂对(K, Bi)(Mg, Ti, Nb)O3陶瓷晶体结构和机电性能的影响

通过传统的固态反应路线合成了掺铌改性无铅陶瓷（K0.48Bi0.52）(Mg0.02Ti0.98-xNbx)O3（KBT-BMTNbx，x = 0.00 - 0.05），然后进行炉冷。研究了掺铌对 KBT-BMTNbx 陶瓷结构特性和电学特性的影响。X 射线衍射图样表明，纯 KBT-BMTNbx 陶瓷具有四方和立方混合相。因此，KBT-BMTNbx 陶瓷具有较大的压电致动器系数 d33* ≈ 700 pm/V、压电传感器系数（d33 ≈ 133 pC/N）、残余极化（Pr ≈ 17.5 µC/cm2）、最大机电应变 ≈ 0.35% 和最高温度（Tm ≈ 336 ºC）。然而，随着掺杂铌，发生了成分驱动的相变，从斜方和四方混合相转变为立方相。由于 KBT-BMT 陶瓷中掺入了过量的铌，晶粒尺寸突然减小，结果长程铁电相转化为短程弛豫相。因此，在 x = 0.02 成分时，介电损耗 tanδ ≈ 0.02 很低。这种优异的介电性能与晶体结构的各向异性相界、最佳晶粒尺寸（≈ 2 μm）、最大晶格畸变以及掺杂供体引起的软铁电效应有关。近期研究的主要目的是研究 Pr、d33、d33*、Smax 和缩小的 tanδ，以便在现实世界中实际应用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Electroceramics 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

5.7 months

期刊介绍： While ceramics have traditionally been admired for their mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, their unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties have become of increasing importance in many key technologies including communications, energy conversion and storage, electronics and automation. Electroceramics benefit greatly from their versatility in properties including: -insulating to metallic and fast ion conductivity -piezo-, ferro-, and pyro-electricity -electro- and nonlinear optical properties -feromagnetism. When combined with thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, these properties often render them the materials of choice. The Journal of Electroceramics is dedicated to providing a forum of discussion cutting across issues in electrical, optical, and magnetic ceramics. Driven by the need for miniaturization, cost, and enhanced functionality, the field of electroceramics is growing rapidly in many new directions. The Journal encourages discussions of resultant trends concerning silicon-electroceramic integration, nanotechnology, ceramic-polymer composites, grain boundary and defect engineering, etc.