Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pelanggaran Batas Minimal Usia Perkawinan

Abstract

Pancasila as the ideology of the nation which contains values as a philosophy for the life of the nation and state where human values as a form of awareness of human attitudes and actions based on the potential of human conscience in relation to norms and culture in general, it can generally be said that humans free to do whatever he wants, one of which is to do Pancasila and Law Review P-ISSN 2723-262X Volume 1 Issue 1, January-June 2020 E-ISSN 2745-9306 3 marriage. However, marriage in early childhood has caused several factors including, losing the rights that he should have gotten since childhood. There are a lot of reports about child marriage in Indonesia and conflicting rules between the two Laws (Law), namely Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, this is the reason the author examines child marriage from two corners of the Act. In general, law enforcement of violations of the minimum marriage age from the formulation stage has been problematic where the Child Protection Act does not include the Marriage Law in the consideration given, the application stage how it can run optimally if the formulation stage is already problematic, as well as the execution stage how it can provide benefits if there are multiple interpretations. In the enforcement and implementation of child marriage rules even though the Child Protection Act cannot be obstructed even though it has been married according to the Marriage Law. The most fundamental obstacle to law enforcement lies in the inadequacy or incompleteness of the laws and regulations, so that there are many socalled "multiple interpretations" and finally there are doubts in law enforcement. Conditions like this will eventually eventually bring up what is known as "retroactive law" which is certainly full of speculation, and this is very dangerous for the rule of law. The Marriage Law and the Child Protection Act must be revised and the two Laws equalize the rules, especially regarding child marriage rules. This revision needs to be done so as not to confuse and provide legal certainty related to child marriage. It is necessary to include the Marriage Law in the "Remembering" consideration in the Child Protection Act. Both laws must include rules regarding child marriage regulated in the Child Protection Act article so that these two laws harmonize with each other so that they do not cause multiple interpretations. The study was conducted with a type of normative juridical approach and empirical juridical conducted by examining the theories, concepts and legislation related to this research also by looking at the facts and interviews with respondents to gather opinions about law enforcement and factors obstruction of law enforcement violations of the minimum age of marriage. Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap... Achmad Yustian Jaya. S 4 A. Pendahuluan dasarnya hukum adalah pencerminan dari HAM, sehingga hukum itu mengandung keadilan atau tidak akan ditentukan oleh Hak Asasi Manusia yang terkandung dan juga diatur atau dijamin dalam hukum tersebut. Hukum tidak akan lagi dilihat sebagai cerminan dari kekuasaan semata-mata, namun juga harus mencerminkan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak para warga negara. Indonesia Peringkat Tujuh Kasus Perkawinan Anak. United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef) menyebutkan, Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketujuh di dunia dalam kasus perkawinan anak. Menurut Unicef, perkawinan anak merupakan pelanggaran hak-hak anak perempuan dan anak laki-laki. Meski terjadi penurunan kasus perkawinan anak dari tahun 2013 sekitar 43,19% dan menjadi 34,23% di tahun 2014. Namun secara kuantitatif, kata dia, penurunan belum terlihat signifikan. Data BPS menunjukkan bahwa jumlah perkawinan usia anak di daerah perdesaan sepertiga lebih tinggi dibandingkan perkotaan. Masing-masing untuk perkotaan 17,09% dan perdesaan 27,11% pada tahun 2015. Menurut Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 dijelaskan pengertian perkawinan yang berbunyi: “Perkawinan ialah ikatan lahir bathin antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Masalah batas usia untuk melakukan perkawinan merupakan masalah yang penting, orang yang telah dewasa secara fisik dan mental, belum tentu bias membina dan mendirikan rumah tangga yang sempurna apalagi orang muda yang belum dewasa. Tanpa kedewasaan, persoalan-persoalan yang mkuncul dalam rumah tangga akan disaikapi dengan emosi. Kunci perkawinan yang sukses, dituntut adanya kedewasaan dan kematangan dari segi fisik, mental dan emosional calon suami maupun istri yang akan melangsungkan perkawainan. Kasus perkawinan usia anak berdampak besar terhadap peningkatan jumlah angka kematian ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB). “AKI di Indonesia saat ini 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (SDKI, 2012), dan Indonesia telah menempati posisi yang tinggi AKI dan AKB jika dibandingkan negara-negara ASEAN lainnya,” ungkap Yohana. Tabel 1.1 Jumlah Kasus Perkawinan Anak di Indonesia