The mass transfer of chemical elements and of their compounds in agrocenoses

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
T. I. Borisochkina, A. Kotelnikova, O. Rogova
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Abstract

The analysis of publications on the mass transfer of chemical elements in agrocenosis in the soil – plant system was carried out. Methods for estimating the content of mobile forms of chemical compounds coming from the soil into plants are considered. The phenomena of antagonism and synergism are characterized, and the necessity to consider them while planning fertilizer application is indicated. It is shown that the phenomena of synergism and antagonism of elements can be used in agriculture to regulate the flow of heavy metals or radionuclides into agricultural products. A balance model for mass transfer of chemical elements in agrocenosis is analyzed. It is shown that the introduction of organic fertilizers in soil mostly leads to a positive balance of microelements in the agrosystem. To characterize the efficiency of fertilizer use an assessment of the balance of nutrients in the agrosystem is required. The removal of trace elements by agricultural crops increases with the use of mineral fertilizers in doses that are optimal for the cultivation of crops in the region. In some cases, the input of heavy metals with technogenic fallout may exceed the removal of metals by plants from the soil. It may cause the accumulation of metals in the system. In uncontaminated background areas, the levels of microelement intake from fertilizers and atmospheric fallout in agrocenoses are comparable.
化学元素及其化合物在农合植物中的传质
对土壤-植物系统中土壤-植物系统中化学元素传质的文献进行了分析。考虑了估算从土壤进入植物的化合物的流动形式的含量的方法。指出了拮抗和协同效应的特点,指出了在规划施肥时考虑拮抗和协同效应的必要性。结果表明,元素间的协同和拮抗现象可用于农业中重金属或放射性核素向农产品的流动调节。分析了土壤中化学元素传质的平衡模型。结果表明,有机肥在土壤中的施用主要导致农业系统中微量元素的正平衡。为了确定肥料使用效率的特征,需要对农业系统中的养分平衡进行评估。农作物对微量元素的去除随着矿物肥料用量的增加而增加,其用量最适合该地区的作物种植。在某些情况下,重金属随技术沉降物的输入可能超过植物从土壤中去除的金属。它可能会导致系统中金属的积累。在未受污染的本底地区,从肥料中摄入的微量元素水平与农园中大气沉降物的水平相当。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
8 weeks
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