Landscape of Current Targeted Therapies for Advanced Colorectal Cancer

IF 2.7 Q3 ONCOLOGY

Colorectal Cancer Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.93978

A. Pissarra, C. Abreu, A. Mansinho, Ana Lúcia Costa, S. Dâmaso, S. Lobo-Martins, Marta Martins, L. Costa

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and lethal cancer types worldwide. While surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains the only curative approach for localized CRC, for metastatic disease the therapeutic landscape has significantly evolved over the last years. Development and approval of novel targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies against EGFR and VEGF, have significantly increased the median survival of patients with metastatic disease, with some trials reporting a benefit over 40 months. Increasing accessibility of high throughput sequencing has unraveled several new therapeutic targets. Actionable alterations, such as HER2 overexpression, BRAF mutations, and NTRK fusions, are currently available in metastatic disease, providing significant therapeutic opportunities for these patients, while new emerging agents, as immune checkpoint inhibitors, promise better treatment options in the near future. In this chapter, an overview of established and future CRC targeted therapies in the clinical setting is provided, as well as their mechanism of action, limitations, and future applicability.

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癌症晚期结直肠靶向治疗现状

癌症（CRC）是世界上最常见和致命的癌症类型之一。虽然化疗和放疗的手术仍然是局限性CRC的唯一治疗方法，但对于转移性疾病，治疗前景在过去几年中发生了显著变化。新型靶向治疗方法的开发和批准，如抗EGFR和VEGF的单克隆抗体，显著提高了转移性疾病患者的中位生存率，一些试验报告了40个月以上的益处。高通量测序的可及性的增加揭示了几个新的治疗靶点。可操作的改变，如HER2过表达、BRAF突变和NTRK融合，目前可用于转移性疾病，为这些患者提供了重要的治疗机会，而新出现的药物，如免疫检查点抑制剂，有望在不久的将来提供更好的治疗选择。在本章中，概述了临床环境中已建立和未来的CRC靶向疗法，以及它们的作用机制、局限性和未来的适用性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Colorectal Cancer ONCOLOGY-

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期刊介绍： Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developed world. Risk factors for colorectal cancer are on the rise in many countries; populations are aging, and obesity and diabetes are increasing. National screening programs are helping to detect cancer while it is still curable; however, colorectal cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA and options are still limited for those with more advanced disease. Consequently, colorectal cancer is a major research priority for government, pharmaceutical companies and non-profit organizations. Research into diagnosis and optimum treatment of the disease is progressing rapidly, with new advances reported every day. Colorectal Cancer presents reviews, analysis and commentary. on all aspects of colorectal cancer.