Inertia of liquid microthermometer readings

S. Yatsyshyn, K. Melnyk
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Abstract

Currently the need for micro thermometers with low inertia and accordingly with the small diameter of the capillary is increasing, and information about their inertia, which is necessary, in particular, for medicine, becomes insufficient. Micro thermometers with liquid-phase sensitive elements are made on the basis of capillaries filled with liquid. Important is the type of liquid (water, alcohol, mercury, etc.), the angle of inclination of the thermometer capillary, and its internal diameter. The time of their thermal inertia is rather small, since the thermal equilibrium of the thermometer and the controlled object is set extremely fast. However, in reality, the movement of a liquid in a capillary of a thermometer, which determines the readout of the temperature value, due to the change in the thermodynamic conditions during the measurement, is not so rapid to satisfy the metrology. The experience of studying the spontaneous penetration of liquids in porous micro and nano channels of natural structures is limited mainly by works that capture the significance of the influence of initial conditions. The features of filling capillaries of different internal diameters at different angles of inclination are considered in the paper. It enables us to work out the technology of manufacturing and application of these thermometers, and thus to predict the duration of setting the micro thermometers’ indications not limited by thermal inertia. For this purpose, the Washburn’s and Bosanquet equations are considered. Rate of filling the capillary is affected by fluid viscosity, surface tension, length of the filled capillary, and its diameter. Since the viscosity of the liquid increases slightly with pressure and decreases exponentially with temperature, it is inversely proportional to the rate of liquid penetration or to the rate of moving meniscus. We have analyzed the impact of these factors on the micro thermometers’ performance that promotes their efficient production and application.
液体微温度计读数的惯性
目前,对低惯性和毛细管直径小的微型温度计的需求正在增加,而关于它们的惯性的信息,特别是对于医学来说是必要的,变得不足。具有液相敏感元件的微型温度计是在充满液体的毛细管的基础上制成的。重要的是液体的类型(水、酒精、水银等),温度计毛细管的倾斜角度,以及它的内径。它们的热惯性时间相当小,因为温度计和被控物体的热平衡设定得非常快。然而,在现实中,由于测量过程中热力学条件的变化,决定温度值读出的温度计的毛细管中液体的运动并没有那么快,不能满足计量要求。研究液体在自然结构多孔微纳通道中自发渗透的经验主要受限于对初始条件影响意义的研究。本文考虑了不同内径充填毛细血管在不同倾角下的特性。它使我们能够制定出这些温度计的制造和应用技术,从而预测不受热惯性限制的微温度计指示的设置时间。为此,考虑了Washburn方程和Bosanquet方程。毛细管的填充速率受流体粘度、表面张力、填充毛细管的长度和直径的影响。由于液体的粘度随压力略有增加,而随温度呈指数下降,因此它与液体的渗透速率或半月板的移动速率成反比。分析了这些因素对微体温计性能的影响,促进了微体温计的高效生产和应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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