Finite element analysis of the soil and foundations of the Al-Kufa Mosque

IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1515/jmbm-2022-0037

Hasan Mahdi Al-Jiboury, M. K. Fakhraldin

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Abstract

Abstract The Great Mosque of Kufa, built in 639 CE and located in Al-Kufa, Iraq, is considered one of the most important mosques in the Islamic world. Because cracks appeared in the historical walls of the Al-Kufa Mosque during the construction of the Muslim Bin Aqeel Underpass, the values and locations of bending moment and shear force may be useful for wall maintenance. So, this study aims to determine the maximum and minimum values and locations of settlement, bending moment, and shear forces under the mosque walls’ foundations. Historical references are used to know the previous architectures of the mosque. Also, archaeological investigation reports are adopted to find out the characteristics of the foundations like their dimensions, depths, and materials. Soil investigation reports are used to know the soil layer’s properties and parameters. For non-mentioned soil parameters in soil investigation reports, they are determined depending on the theoretical equations, charts, statistical correlations, and models. A model of soil layers, foundations, and walls is conducted and analyzed using finite element software to determine the deformations of soil layers under the mosque’s brick foundations and walls. According to the analysis, maximum bending moment and shear force were found under the minaret near the Al-Thuaban gate.

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库法清真寺地基和地基的有限元分析

库法大清真寺建于公元639年，位于伊拉克库法，被认为是伊斯兰世界最重要的清真寺之一。由于库法清真寺的历史墙壁在穆斯林Bin Ajel地下通道的施工过程中出现了裂缝，弯矩和剪力的值和位置可能有助于墙壁的维护。因此，本研究旨在确定清真寺墙壁基础下沉降、弯矩和剪力的最大值和最小值以及位置。历史资料被用来了解清真寺以前的建筑。此外，还采用考古调查报告来了解地基的特征，如尺寸、深度和材料。土壤调查报告用于了解土层的特性和参数。对于土壤调查报告中未提及的土壤参数，它们是根据理论方程、图表、统计相关性和模型确定的。使用有限元软件对土层、基础和墙壁进行了建模和分析，以确定清真寺砖基础和墙壁下土层的变形。根据分析，在Al Thuaban门附近的宣礼塔下方发现了最大弯矩和剪切力。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

审稿时长

30 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal focuses on the micromechanics and nanomechanics of materials, the relationship between structure and mechanical properties, material instabilities and fracture, as well as size effects and length/time scale transitions. Articles on cutting edge theory, simulations and experiments – used as tools for revealing novel material properties and designing new devices for structural, thermo-chemo-mechanical, and opto-electro-mechanical applications – are encouraged. Synthesis/processing and related traditional mechanics/materials science themes are not within the scope of JMBM. The Editorial Board also organizes topical issues on emerging areas by invitation. Topics Metals and Alloys Ceramics and Glasses Soils and Geomaterials Concrete and Cementitious Materials Polymers and Composites Wood and Paper Elastomers and Biomaterials Liquid Crystals and Suspensions Electromagnetic and Optoelectronic Materials High-energy Density Storage Materials Monument Restoration and Cultural Heritage Preservation Materials Nanomaterials Complex and Emerging Materials.