The hunter-gatherer site BES II (Jacaré-Guaçu River low terraces, central Sao Paulo state, Brazil): Interface with geomorphical and environmental fluctuations of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition

IF 1.1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Fabio Santos, P. Cheliz
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

The lithic site Boa Esperança II (BES II), in the São Paulo segment of the Brazilian Plateau, next to the boundary between the cities of Araraquara (SP) and Boa Esperança do Sul (SP), presents a collection of almost 2,000 lithic artifacts (predominantly chert and sandstone), being interpreted as a settlement of diversified functions with possibly continuous or successive occupation. In this work, we approach the site based on interface of its insertion in the regional physical-environmental context - with emphasis on the interface with relief frames, surface structure study and estimated geomorphic sequences of the alluvial plain of Jacaré-Guaçu river - and techno-typological analysis. It was verified that the BES II artifacts are distributed along vertical profiles and relief pictures lined by records that mark the transition from semi-arid conditions to others of increasing humidity, successive oscillations of base levels and modifications of fluvial regimes (ephemeral channels passing to perennial channels of different hydrological meandrings patterns), indicating that human occupation has dealt with conditions of quite distinct landscapes between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. Local lithic industry would have taken advantage of attributes derived from these modifications in the landscape over time - in particular the exposure of gravels of large river pebbles deposited by torrential ephemeral channels. The past  abundance of raw material of fluvial origin would have contributed to the location of the site in the regional geomorphological context, as well as for a lithic assemblage based on the production of large unipolar flakes. We observed in the correlations between the position of artifacts, geomorphical and pedological data, OSL and Carbone-14 dates at archaeological levels, elements that allow us to discuss considering BES II as an archaeological site to integrate the interval of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and to had interfaces with the geomorphological and environmental changes of such time. The archaeological implications of the issue and the fact that only one dating of photoluminescence has been reported from the deepest level of the site (basal gravel layer) emphasize the need for new, denser and more diversified studies.
狩猎采集遗址BES II(巴西圣保罗州中部jacar - gua河低阶):更新世-全新世过渡时期地貌和环境波动的界面
位于巴西高原圣保罗段的Boa Esperança II(BES II)石器时代遗址,毗邻Araraquara(SP)和Boa Esmerança do Sul(SP)之间的边界,收藏了近2000件石器时代文物(主要是燧石和砂岩),被解释为具有多种功能的定居点,可能有连续或连续的占领。在这项工作中,我们根据其在区域物理环境背景下的插入界面对场地进行了研究,重点是与起伏框架的界面、表面结构研究和Jacaré-Guaçu河冲积平原的估计地貌序列,以及技术类型分析。经验证,BES II伪影沿垂直剖面和地形图分布,记录标志着从半干旱条件向湿度增加、基准面连续振荡和河流状况变化的其他条件的转变(短暂河道转变为不同水文平均模式的常年河道),表明人类的占领处理了晚更新世和全新世之间截然不同的景观条件。随着时间的推移,当地的石器工业会利用这些景观变化所带来的特性,特别是暴雨季节性河道沉积的大河卵石砾石的暴露。过去丰富的河流原材料将有助于该遗址在区域地貌背景下的位置,以及基于大型单极薄片生产的石器组合。我们在考古层面上观察到了人工制品的位置、地貌和土壤数据、OSL和Carbone-14日期之间的相关性,这些因素使我们能够讨论将BES II视为一个考古遗址,以整合更新世-全新世过渡时期的间隔,并与这一时期的地貌和环境变化形成界面。该问题的考古意义,以及仅从遗址最深处(基底砾石层)报告了一次光致发光测年的事实,都强调了进行新的、更密集、更多样化的研究的必要性。
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10.00%
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8 weeks
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