Near-surface atmospheric behavior over complex tropical topography in Puerto Rico dominated by seasonal patterns despite frequent environmental changes

IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. V. Van Beusekom, G. González
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Abstract

Understanding near-surface atmosphere behavior in the tropics is imperative given the role of tropical energy fluxes in Earth’s climate cycles, but this area is complicated by a land-atmosphere interaction that includes rugged topography, seasonal weather drivers, and frequent environmental disturbances. This study examines variation in near-surface atmosphere behaviors in northeastern Puerto Rico using a synthesis of data from lowland and montane locations under different land covers (forest, urban, and rural) during 2008 to 2021, when a severe drought, large hurricanes (Irma and Maria), and the COVID-19 mobility-reducing lockdown occurred. Ceilometer, weather, air quality, radiosonde, and satellite data were analyzed for annual patterns and monthly time series of data and data correlations. The results showed a system strongly dominated by easterly trade-winds transmitting regional oceanic patterns over terrain. Environmental disturbances affected land-atmosphere interaction for short time periods after events. Events that reduce the land signature, (reducing greenness: e.g., drought and hurricanes, or reducing land pollution: e.g., COVID-19 lockdown) were evidenced to strengthen the transmission of the oceanic pattern. The most variation in near-surface atmosphere behavior was seen in the mountainous areas that were influenced by both factors, trade-winds and terrain-induced orographic lifting. As an exception to the rest of the near-surface atmosphere behavior, pollutants other than ozone did not correlate positively or negatively with stronger trade-winds at all sites across the region. Instead, these pollutants were hypothesized to be more anthropogenically influenced. Once Covid-19 lockdown persisted for three months, urban pollution decreased, and cloud base may have increased.
尽管环境变化频繁,波多黎各复杂热带地形上的近地表大气行为以季节模式为主
鉴于热带能量通量在地球气候周期中的作用,了解热带近地表大气的行为至关重要,但该地区由于地形崎岖、季节性天气驱动因素和频繁的环境干扰等陆气相互作用而变得复杂。这项研究通过综合2008年至2021年期间不同土地覆盖(森林、城市和农村)下低地和山地的数据,研究了波多黎各东北部近地表大气行为的变化,当时发生了严重干旱、大型飓风(伊尔玛和玛丽亚)和新冠肺炎导致流动性的封锁。分析了Ceilometer、天气、空气质量、无线电探空仪和卫星数据的年度模式和月度时间序列数据以及数据相关性。结果表明,该系统主要由东风信风主导,在地形上传播区域海洋模式。环境扰动在事件发生后短时间内影响了陆地与大气的相互作用。减少陆地特征的事件(减少绿色:例如干旱和飓风,或减少陆地污染:例如新冠肺炎封锁)被证明加强了海洋模式的传播。近地表大气行为变化最大的是受信风和地形引起的地形抬升这两个因素影响的山区。作为其他近地表大气行为的例外,臭氧以外的污染物与该地区所有地点更强的信风没有正相关或负相关。相反,这些污染物被认为受到了更为人类成因的影响。一旦新冠肺炎封锁持续三个月,城市污染减少,云量可能增加。
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来源期刊
Earth Interactions
Earth Interactions 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
5.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Publishes research on the interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere, including, but not limited to, research on human impacts, such as land cover change, irrigation, dams/reservoirs, urbanization, pollution, and landslides. Earth Interactions is a joint publication of the American Meteorological Society, American Geophysical Union, and American Association of Geographers.
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